References

EDITOR’S NOTE

Hidden diversity: comparative functional morphology of humans and other species. PeerJ, 2023; 11: e15148 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15148.

Dr Roger Williams: University of Texas archive at http://bioinst.cm.utexas.edu/williams.

Guinea pigs: “Individuality in Vitamin C needs” (Roger Williams with Gary Deason). Paper read before the National Academy of Sciences, April 26, 1967:  https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.57.6.1638.

John Neustadt, ND, and Steve Pieczenik, MD, PhD, review: Biochemical Individuality, Integrative Medicine 2007, 6:3, Jun/Jul: https://nbihealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Biochemical-Individuality.pdf.

NEWS

Dietary magnesium intake is related to larger brain volumes and lower white matter lesions with notable sex differences. European Journal of Nutrition 2023, DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03123-x.

Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial. Transl Neurodegener 2023, 12, 4: https://translationalneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40035-023-00336-2.
Combined metabolic activators improve metabolic functions in the animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sciences 2023, Feb, 314: 121325. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320522010256. Combined metabolic activators therapy ameliorates liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Molecular Systems Biology 2021,17:e10459, https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/msb.202110459.
Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021, 8(17):e2101222. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34180141.

Selenium as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in middle age women. Aging (Albany NY) 2023, Mar 21,15(6):1734-1747. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36947700.

 Dr SARAH MYHILL

[1] https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/273227/5854.pdf

[2] ‘The GMC: expediency before principle’ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539824/

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Medical_Council

[4] ‘Good doctors: safer patients—the Chief Medical Officer’s prescription for regulating doctors’

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1557883/

[5] ‘Troubled heart’  https://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/mar/23/NHS.freedomofinformation

[6] “Medical expert witnesses ‘should not scapegoat doctors’ “:

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/jul/18/medical-expert-witnesses-should-not-scapegoat-doctors

[7] “Covid-19: High Court overturns decision to ban GP from posting views on pandemic on social media” , https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n3033

[8] Chronic fatigue syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680051/

[9] Mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3403556/

[10] Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) – a clinical audit: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3515971/

[11] https://www.drmyhill.co.uk 

[12] “Gosport hospital: Dr Jane Barton implicated in deaths of 656 patients”: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/06/20/gosport-hospital-inquiry-families-get-answers-hundreds-painkiller/

[13] “Other points raised by the GMC’s handling of its investigations”:

 https://www.gosportpanel.independent.gov.uk/panel-report/part-two/chapter-6/page-19/

[14]  https://www.drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/College_of_Naturopathic_Medicine_-_Outstanding_Contribution_Award_2022

[15] https://www.nhs-corona-doctors-on-the-frontline.com

[16] COVID-19 Mortality Risk Correlates Inversely with Vitamin D3 Status, and a Mortality Rate Close to Zero Could Theoretically Be Achieved at 50ng/mL 25(OH)D3: Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34684596/

[17]  Efficacy of “Essential Iodine Drops” against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0254341  

[18] https://bird-group.org/bayesian-meta-analysis-of-ivermectin-confirms-bryant-et-al-study-that-ivermectin-works-for-covid/

[19] Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248252/

[20] Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8088823/

[21] A five-day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709596/

[22] https://ivmmeta.com ‘Ivermectin for COVID-19: real-time meta-analysis of 95studies’

[23] Effectiveness of personal protective measures in reducing pandemic influenza transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755436516300858.   

[24] “Are Face Masks Effective? The Evidence”, Swiss Policy Research: https://swprs.org/face-masks-evidence.

[25] https://www.drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/Press_Release_re_my_Non_Compliance_Hearing_-_MPTS_-_Myhill_vs_GMC_Sept_28_to_Oct_1_2020.  

[26] https://www.ukmedfreedom.org.

DIABETES

Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia 2023, Apr 17: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05894-8.

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries.
Nature Med 2023, Apr;29(4):982-995. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37069363.

“Low-carb diets position statement for professionals (May 2021)”: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/professionals/position-statements-reports/food-nutrition-lifestyle/low-carb-diets-for-people-with-diabetes.

Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1.

Diabetes UK: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about_us/news/weight-loss-can-put-type-2-diabetes-remission-least-five-years-reveal-latest-findings.

Dr Sarah Myhill: “Diabetes – how to prevent the complications”. https://www.drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/Diabetes_-_how_to_prevent_the_complications.

Roy Roberston: https://www.australianparadox.com/pdf/Letter-Health-Minister-n-Secretary-Feb23.pdf.

Virta: Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Care Model for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes at One Year: An Open Label, Non-Randomized, Controlled Study. Diabetes Ther 2018: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29417495.
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Focused on Normalization of Glycemia: A Two-Year Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021, 13(3):749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030749.

Insights from a general practice service evaluation supporting a lower carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes: a secondary analysis of routine clinic data including HbA1c, weight and prescribing over 6 years. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2021, 3:doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000072: https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/3/2/285.info.

INFLAMMATION

Obesity defined molecular endotypes in the synovium of patients with osteoarthritis provides a rationale for therapeutic targeting of fibroblast subsets. Clin Transl Med 2023, Apr 3, Vol13: 4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ctm2.1232.

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces DNA damage, through CHK1 degradation and impaired 53BP1 recruitment, and cellular senescence. Nat Cell Biol 2023,, 25, 550–564: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-023-01096-x.  

The influence of curcumin additives on the viability of probiotic bacteria, antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms and quality indicators of low-fat yogurt. Frontiers in Nutrition 2023, Apr 3: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1118752/full. Consumption of dairy product and its association with total and cause specific mortality – a population-based cohort study and meta-analysis.  Clinical Nutrition 2019, Dec;38(6):2833-2845. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30595374.

Age-dependent Pdgfrβ signaling drives adipocyte progenitor dysfunction to alter the beige adipogenic niche in male mice. Nat Commun 2023, 14, 1806:  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-37386-z.

RESEARCH UPDATE

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Coordinates Mouse Small Intestinal Epithelial Cell Programming. Lab Invest 2023, Feb;103(2):100012. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37039146.

Childhood adversity and risk of type 2 diabetes in early adulthood: results from a population-wide cohort study of 1.2 million individuals.  Diabetologia 2023, Apr 20: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37076640, online ahead of print.

US study: “Metabolic, behavioural and social determinants of youth-onset T2D”: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/rfa-dk-21-002.html.

Medication Deprescribing Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Case Series of Lifestyle Medicine Practitioner Protocols. Clinical Diabetes 2023, Apr 18: doi 10.2337/cd22-0009.

Intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating versus calorie restriction and standard care in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Nat Med 2023, 29, 963–972: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02287-7.

Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Cognitive Function in Adults 60 Years or Older With Type 2 Diabetes and Mild Cognitive Impairment in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023, 6(4):e237004. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2803247.

A randomized pilot trial assessing the reduction of gout episodes in hyperuricemic patients by oral administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632, a strain with the ability to degrade purines. Front. Microbiol 2023, 14: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111652/full.

Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023, (4). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub6.

Folate-dependent hypermobility syndrome: A proposed mechanism and diagnosis. Heliyon 2023, 9 (4): e15387. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(23)02594-X.

Hidden diversity: comparative functional morphology of humans and other species. PeerJ, 2023; 11: e15148 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15148.

“Digestive Organs Vary Widely Between People, Study Finds”, by Dennis Thompson, April 24, 2023 (HealthDay News): https://www.medicinenet.com/digestive_organs_vary_widely_between_people/news.htm.

Nutrient-sensing AgRP neurons relay control of liver autophagy during energy deprivation. Cell Metab 2023, Apr 12; S1550-4131(23)00124-9: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37075752.

Mitoquinone Mesylate and Mitochondrial DNA in End Organs in Humanized Mouse Model of Chronic Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2023, Mar 24, jiad044: https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad044/7079578.

WELCOME
Success Rates in Psychiatry. JAMA Psychiatry 2023, online March 22: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2802547.
“JAMA Psychiatry: No Evidence that Psychiatric Treatments Produce ‘Successful Outcomes’”, by Peter Simons: https://www.madinamerica.com/2023/03/does-psychiatry-improve-outcomes-we-dont-know-according-to-jama-psychiatry.

Psychological distress, self-harm and attempted suicide in UK 17-year olds: prevalence and sociodemographic inequalities. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2021, 219(2), 437-439: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/psychological-distress-selfharm-and-attempted-suicide-in-uk-17year-olds-prevalence-and-sociodemographic-inequalities/01B1D33B67CD8D00A81EA4C0E6CD1BE8.

Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and MCI: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021659.

The Key Role of Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease. Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 782: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/4/782.

NEWS
Long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19. Nature Communications 2023. March 7: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36223-7.
Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and MCI: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021659.

Walnuts and Vegetable Oils Containing Oleic Acid Differentially Affect the Gut Microbiota and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Follow-up of a Randomized, Controlled, Feeding Trial in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease. The Journal of Nutrition 2019; DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz289.

Dr JAMES GREENBLATT
Considering the methodological limitations in the evidence base of antidepressants for depression: a reanalysis of a network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019;9(6):e024886. Jun 27:  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/6/e024886.

Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 attenuates major depression disorder via regulating gut microbiome and tryptophan metabolism: A randomized clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022;100:233-241. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889159121006267?dgcid=api_sd_search-api-endpoint.

Evidences of a New Psychobiotic Formulation on Body Composition and Anxiety. Mediators Inflamm 2017;2017:5650627. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2017/5650627.

Increased urinary excretion of a 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropionic acid (HPHPA), an abnormal phenylalanine metabolite of Clostridia spp. in the gastrointestinal tract, in urine samples from patients with autism and schizophrenia. Nutr Neurosci 2010;13(3):135-143:  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/147683010X12611460763968.

Urinary 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropionic Acid, 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, and 3-Hydroxyhippuric Acid Are Elevated in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biomed Res Int  2016, 9485412. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27123458.

Urinary organic acids spectra in children with altered gut microbiota composition and autistic spectrum disorder. Nord J Psychiatry  2022;76(7):523-529. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34935590.

Investigation of the relation between anaerobic bacteria genus clostridium and late-onset autism etiology in children. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2014;35(1):101-109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24063620.

Action of m-tyrosine in experimental models: evidence for possible antiparkinsonian activity. Eur J Pharmacol 1973;21(2):230-237. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0014299973902318

The role of catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine and m-tyramine in the behavioural effects of m-tyrosine in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1982;84(3-4):139-149. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7173317.

Vancomycin Taper and Pulse Regimen With Careful Follow-up for Patients With Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection. Clin Infect Dis  2017;65(8):1396-1399. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28591789.

Research panel
1. Bile salt hydrolases shape the bile acid landscape and restrict Clostridioides difficile growth in the murine gut. Nature  Microbiol 2023, March 13: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-023-01337-7.
2. Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity of Probiotics and their Role in Hypolipidemia. Journal of Biology and Todays World 2023, Jan, 12: 1: https://www.iomcworld.org/articles/bile-salt-hydrolase-activity-of-probiotics-and-their-role–in-hypolipidemia.pdf.

CBD
Inhibition of Nicotine Metabolism by Cannabidiol (CBD) and 7-Hydroxycannabidiol (7-OH-CBD). Chem. Res. Toxicol 2023, 36, 2, 177-187, Jan 10: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00259.

ALLERGIES
Audebert, C., Even, G., Cian, A., Blastocystis Investigation Group, Loywick, A., Merlin, S., Viscogliosi, E., & Chabé, M. (2016). Colonisation with the enteric protozoa Blastocystis is associated with increased diversity of human gut bacterial microbiota. Scientific Reports, 6. https://doi. org/10.1038/srep25255

1. Deng, L., Wojciech, L., Gascoigne, N. R. J., Peng, G., & Tan, K. S. W. (2021). New insights into the interactions between Blastocystis, the gut microbiota, and host immunity. PLOS Pathogens, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009253
2. Nemati, S., Zali, M. R., Johnson, P., Mirjalali, H., & Karanis, P. (2021). Molecular prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. In Asia and in Australia. Journal of Water and Health, 19(5), 687-704. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.011
3. Oliveira-Arbex, A. P., David, É. B., Cacciò, S. M., de Fonseca, C. R. B., Martin, J. G., Kurokawa, C. S., Tosini, F., Souza Neto, J. A., & Guimarães, S. (2021). Prevalence and genetic characterisation of Dientamoeba fragilis in asymptomatic children attending daycare centres. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 63. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202163039
4. Scanlan, P. D., Stensvold, C. R., Rajilić-Stojanovic, M., Heilig, H. G. H. J., De Vos, W. M., O’Toole, P. W., & Cotter, P. D. (2014). The microbial eukaryote Blastocystis is a prevlent and diverse member of the healthy human gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 90(1), 326-330. https://doi. org/10.1111/1574-6941.12396
5. Beiromvand, M., Hashemi, S. J., Arjmand, R., Sadjadei, N., & Hardanipasand, L. (2017). Comparative prevalence of Blastocystis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and health individuals: a case control study. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 10(6).
6. Krogsgaard, L. R., O’Brien Andersen, L., Johannesen, T, B., Engsbro, A. L., Stensvold, C. R., Nielsen, H. V., & Bytzer, P. (2018). Characteristics of the bacterial microbiome in association with common intestinal parasites in irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 9(6), 161. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41424-018-0027-2
7. Tito, R. Y., Chaffron, S., Caenepeel, C., Lima-Mendez, G., Wang, J., Vieira-Silva, S., Falony, G., Hildebrand, F., Darzi, Y., Rymenans, L., Verspecht, C., Bork, P., Vermeire, S., Joossens, M., & Raes, J. (2019). Population-level analysis of Blastocystis subtype prevalence and variation in the human gut microbiota. Gut, 68(7). http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316106
8. Jiménez, P. A., Jaimes, J. E., & Ramírez, J. D. (2019). A summary of Blastocystis subtypes in North and South America. Parasites and Vectors, 12(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3641-2
9. Feranmi, F. (2022). Blastocystis subtype 3 linked to gut microbiota stability. The Lancet Microbe, 3(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666- 5247(22)00196-3
10. Coyle, C. M., Varughese, J., Weiss, & Tanositz, H. B. (2012). Blastocystis: to treat or not to treat. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 54(1), 105-110. https:// doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir810
11. Chandramathi, S., Suresh, K., Sivanandam, S., & Kuppusamy, U. R. (2014). Stress exacerbates infectivity and pathogenicity of Blastocystic homnis: in vitro and in vivo evidences. PLoS One, 9(5), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094567

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Alpha-Gal Syndrome for the GI Clinician: Commentary. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2023;21:891-896. https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(23)00040-X/fulltext#articleInformation.
Co-sensitization between legumes is frequently seen, but variable and not always clinically relevant. Front. Allergy 2023, 16 March,
Sec. Food Allergy, Vol 4: https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2023.1115022.
Gluten-Free Products: Do We Need to Update Our Knowledge? Foods  2022; 11(23):3839. https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/23/3839.

NEW RELEASES
Short-term Outcomes of Saffron Supplementation in Patients with Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Trial. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2016, Spring; 5(1): 32–38. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5342880.
Saffron therapy for the treatment of mild/moderate age-related macular degeneration: a randomised clinical trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019, 257, 31-40: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00417-018-4163-x#citeas.

High glycine concentration increases collagen synthesis by articular chondrocytes in vitro: acute glycine deficiency could be an important cause of osteoarthritis. Amino Acids 2018 Oct;50(10):1357-1365. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6153947.

Age-related macular degeneration and changes in the extracellular matrix. Med Sci Monit 2014, Jun 18;20:1003-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4072585.

Collagen loss with age: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/collagen.

Type III collagen modulates fracture callus bone formation and early remodeling. J Orthop Res 2015, May;33(5):675-84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406871.

GOPO^®
A powder made from seeds and shells of a rose-hip subspecies (Rosa canina) reduces symptoms of knee and hip osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Scandinavian Rheumatology 2005, 34, 4: 302-8.

The Effects of a Standardized Herbal Remedy Made from a Subtype of Rosa canina in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Current Ther Res 2003, 64,1: 21-31. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011393X03000043.

Anti-inflammatory and chondro-protective effects of rose-hip powder and its constituent galactolipids GOPO.  Poster presentation by Schwager J, Richard N, Wolfram S at the World Congress of Osteoarthritis (OARSI) 2008.

The effect of a glycoside of mono and diglycerol (GOPO^®) supplementation on passive knee joint forces and subjective assessment of pain in a non-arthritic population. Brit J Sports Medicine 2013, 47, e4: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/17/e4.36.

A herbal remedy, Hyben Vital (stand. Powder of a subspecies of Rosa canina fruits), reduces pain and improves general wellbeing in patients with OA – a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Phytomedicine 2004, Jul;11(5):383-91.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15330493.

Does the hip powder of Rose canina (rosehip) reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients? – a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008. In: Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet]. York (UK): Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); 1995-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK75292.

Anti-inflammatory and chondro-protective effects of rosehip powder and its constituent galactolipids GOPO. Poster presentation at the World Congress of Osteoarthritis (OARSI) 2008: https://rosehipvital.com.hk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/10-24-Sept-2008-Anti-Inflammatory-and-Chondro-protective-effects-of-Rose-hip-powder-and-its-consitituent-galactolipid-GOPO.pdf.

RESEARCH
Dectin-1 signaling on colonic γδ T cells promotes psychosocial stress responses. Nat Immunol 2023, March 20: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01447-8.

Using source-associated mobile genetic elements to identify zoonotic extraintestinal E. coli infections. One Health 2023, online 28 February: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771423000381.

Rapid resolution of COVID-19 after faecal microbiota transplantation. Gut 2022;71:230-232: https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/1/230.

Association between blood N-3 fatty acid levels and the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 in the UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr 2023, Feb;117(2):357-363: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9972865.

THE EFFECTS OF AGEING ON THE MICROBIOME – PROMOTIONAL FEATURE

1. López-Otín, C et al. (2013). ‘The Hallmarks of Aging’. Cell, Volume 153, Issue 6, P1194-1217, June 06. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039
2. Ferrucci, L et al. (2019). ‘Measuring biological aging in humans: A quest’. Aging Cell, Volume 19, Issue 2, June 20. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13080
3. Nagpal, R et al. (2018). ‘Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights’. Nutrition and Healthy Aging, Volume 4, No. 4, P267-285 DOI: 10.3233/NHA-170030
4. Odamaki, T., Kato, K., Sugahara, H. et al. (2016). ‘Age-related changes in gut microbiota composition from newborn to centenarian: a cross-sectional study’. BMC Microbial, 16, 90 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0708-5
5. Saraswati, S., & Sitaraman, R. (2015). ‘Aging and the human gut microbiota-from correlation to causality’. Frontiers in Microbiology, Volume 5, Issue 764. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00764
6. Santoro, A. et al. (2020). ‘Microbiomes other than the gut: inflammaging and age-related diseases’. Seminars in Immunopathology, Volume 42, P589–605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-020-00814-z
7. Barrientos-Durán, A et al. (2020). ‘Reviewing the Composition of Vaginal Microbiota: Inclusion of Nutrition and Probiotic Factors in the Maintenance of Eubiosis’. Nutrients, Volume 12, Issue 2, 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020419
8. Auriemma, RS et al. (2021). ‘The Vaginal Microbiome: A Long Urogenital Colonization Throughout Woman Life’. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 06 July 2021  https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.686167
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IHCAN references March 2023

WELCOME

“The seven lifestyle factors in middle-age proven to protect you from dementia later in life”, by Luke Andrews. https://www.dailymail.co.uk, Feb 27, 2023.
Association Between Drug Characteristics and Manufacturer Spending on Direct-to-Consumer Advertising. JAMA 2023, Feb 7;329(5):386-392. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36749334.
“New Study: In the Midst of COVID-19 Crisis, 7 out of 10 Big Pharma Companies Spent More on Sales and Marketing than R&D”: https://www.ahip.org/news/articles/new-study-in-the-midst-of-covid-19-crisis-7-out-of-10-big-pharma-companies-spent-more-on-sales-and-marketing-than-r-d. 

NEWS

Monocytes re-enter the bone marrow during fasting and alter the host response to infection. Immunity 2023, Fe 23: https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(23)00036-5.

Reduction in caffeine withdrawal after open-label decaffeinated coffee. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2023, Jan, 37(2):181-191. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02698811221147152.

Sources and severity of bias in estimates of the BMI–mortality association. Population Studies, 2023; 1 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2168035.

Sources and severity of bias in estimates of the BMI–mortality association. Population Studies, 2023; 1 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2168035.

Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Risk for Incident Diabetes After COVID-19 Infection. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6(2): e2255965. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2801415. Coxsackievirus B Type 4 Infection in β Cells Downregulates the Chaperone Prefoldin URI to Induce a MODY4-like Diabetes via Pdx1 Silencing. Cell Rep Med 2020, Oct 20, 1(7):100125. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33205075.
Type 2 diabetes and viral infection; cause and effect of disease. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2021, 172: 108637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108637.

“Multi-‘omics of gut microbiome-host interactions in short- and long-term Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) patients”. Cell Host & Microbe 2023, Feb: https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(23)00021-5.
Variation of butyrate production in the gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes patients. Int Microbiol 2023, Feb 13: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-023-00324-6. 

IBD UPDATE

Curcumin-Qingdai Combination For Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2023, Feb, 29, Supplement_1, S9: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac247.019.
Qingdai (Qd) For Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Israeli National Experience. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2023, Feb, 29, Supplement_1, S83–S84: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac247.159.
Curcumin-QingDai Combination as Treatment for Moderate-Severe Ulcerative Colitis. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2022, 563-8: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/526646#.

1. Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 Aug;13(8), 1444-9.e1: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700.
   2. Curcumin improves intestinal barrier function: modulation of intracellular signaling, and organization of tight junctions.Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2017;312(4):C438–45.
   3. Therapeutic efficacy of the Qing Dai in patients with intractable ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2013, May 7;19(17):2718-22: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3645393.

Antibiotic use as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease across the ages: a population-based cohort study. Gut 2023, Online First January 9: https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2023/01/03/gutjnl-2022-327845.info.
Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: a national case-control study in Sweden. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020, Nov;5(11):986-995: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034612.  

Allobaculum mucilyticum sp. nov. and Allobaculum fili sp. nov., two novel members of the Allobaculum genus isolated from the human intestinal tract. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2023, Jan 73(1):005635. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.005635.

Chronic exposure to synthetic food colorant Allura Red AC promotes susceptibility to experimental colitis via intestinal serotonin in mice. Nature Communications 2022, Dec 20: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-35309-y.

PROBIOTCIS and PREBIOTICS

Anthocyanins as Promising Molecules Affecting Energy Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes with Special Reference to Impact of Acylation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2022; 71 (2): 1002. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05879.

Fatty acids derived from the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 suppress age-dependent neurodegeneration. Communications Biology, 2022; 5 (1): https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-04295-8.

Modulating the Microbiome for Crohn’s Disease Treatment. Gastroenterology 2023, Jan 24, S0016-5085(23)00049-5: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36702360.

The σ^E Pathway Is Involved in Biofilm Formation by Crohn’s Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol.2013 Jan; 195(1), 76–84: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3536164.

The Crohn’s disease-related bacterial strain LF82 assembles biofilm-like communities to protect itself from phagolysosomal attack. Commun Biol 2021, 4, 627: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-02161-7.   

SUPERFOODS

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): A therapeutic weapon in metabolic disorders. Food Science & Nutrition 2023, 11, 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3035.

Açai pulp improves cognition and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Nutritional Neuroscience 2023: https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2022.2158931.

Chemical Genomic Profiling Unveils the in Vitro and in Vivo Antiplasmodial Mechanism of Açaı́ (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Polyphenols. ACS Omega 2019; 4 (13): 15628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02127.

15 N ‐labeled dietary nitrate supplementation increases human skeletal muscle nitrate concentration and improves muscle torque production. Acta Physiologica 2023; DOI: 10.1111/apha.13924.

Cinnamon and cognitive function: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies. Nutr Neurosci 2023, Jan 18:1-15: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36652384.  

RESEARCH update

Hericerin derivatives activates a pan-neurotrophic pathway in central hippocampal neurons converging to ERK1/2 signaling enhancing spatial memory.  Journal of Neurochemistry 2003, Jan 20, 00, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15767.

Effect of alternate day fasting combined with aerobic exercise on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):56-70.e3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36549296.

The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Lipid Mediators on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023, Feb 8, 15, 871: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040871.

A new paradigm in sarcopenia: Cognitive impairment caused by imbalanced myokine secretion and vascular dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022 Mar;147:112636. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35051857.

Association between sarcopenia and cognitive function in older Chinese adults: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Front Public Health 2023, Jan 10; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36703834.

Oral hygiene, mouthwash usage and cardiovascular mortality during 18.8 years of follow-up. Br Dent J 2023, Feb 3,1-6: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36737459.
Associations of genetic and infectious risk factors with coronary heart disease. eLife 2023, Feb 14, 12:e79742: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.79742.

WELCOME
Starmer and Sunak:
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/jan/15/keir-starmer-pledges-to-tackle-bureaucratic-nonsense-to-save-nhs.
 https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jan/30/rishi-sunak-set-to-unveil-emergency-care-plan-to-slash-nhs-waiting-times.
“NHS in crisis: The worst reasons people visit A&E when they shouldn’t”, by Will Worley. The Independent, 2016, March 26: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nhs-crisis-worst-reasons-people-visit-a-e-when-they-shouldnt-a6954296.html.

Antidepressants:
https://www.nice.org.uk/news/nice-draft-quality-standard-depression-adults-update-2023.

Hypertension:
https://www.bhf.org.uk/what-we-do/news-from-the-bhf/news-archive/2022/april/high-blood-pressure-injection.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/causes.

Diabetes:
https://www.healthexpress.co.uk/ozempic.

The costs of drug prescriptions for diabetes in the NHS.  Lancet 2019, Jan 19;393(10168):226-227: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33190-8/fulltext.

NEWS
Metagenomics of Parkinson’s disease implicates the gut microbiome in multiple disease mechanisms. Nat Commun 2022, 13, 6958: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34667-x.

Gut Microbiota and Time-Restricted Feeding/Eating: A Targeted Biomarker and Approach in Precision Nutrition. Nutrients 2023, Jan 4, 15, 259: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/2/259.

Opportunities to integrate nutrigenomics into clinical practice and patient counselling. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023, Jan;77(1):36-44: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35444269.

Statins: https://www.nice.org.uk/news/article/statins-could-be-a-choice-for-more-people-to-reduce-their-risk-of-heart-attacks-and-strokes-says-nice#:~:text=Draft%20updated%20guidance%20from%20NICE,people%20at%20a%20lower%20threshold.

What predicts drug-free type 2 diabetes remission? Insights from an 8-year general practice service evaluation of a lower carbohydrate diet with weight loss. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2023;e000544: https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2023/01/10/bmjnph-2022-000544.info.

Association of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with incident chronic kidney disease: pooled analysis of 19 cohorts. BMJ 2023, 380, Jan 18:  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-072909.

The FADS1 rs174550 Genotype Modifies the n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA and Lipid Mediator Responses to a High Alpha‐Linolenic Acid and High Linoleic Acid Diets. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2022: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.202200351.

Probiotic for pathogen-specific Staphylococcus aureus decolonisation in Thailand: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Microbe 2023, Jan 13: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanmic/article/PIIS2666-5247(22)00322-6/fulltext.

Purine Nucleosides Interfere with c-di-AMP Levels and Act as Adjuvants To Re-Sensitize MRSA To β-Lactam Antibiotics. mBio 2022, Dec 12: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02478-22?cookieSet=1.

Dietary nucleotides: a novel supplement in fish feeds: 1. Effects on resistance to disease in salmonids. Aquaculture 2001, 199: 1-2, 159-169: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848601005774.

A Randomised Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of a Nucleotide-Containing Supplement Nucell on Symptoms of Participants with the Common Cold – A Pilot Study. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/4363.

Facing Resistant Bacteria with Plant Essential Oils: Reviewing the Oregano Case. Antibiotics 2022, Dec 8, 11(12), 1777; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121777.
Bactericidal Property of Oregano Oil Against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolate. Front Microbiol 2018; 9: 2329: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6182053.

VITAMIN D
Association of Body Weight With Response to Vitamin D Supplementation and Metabolism. JAMA Netw Open 2023, 6(1):e2250681: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2800490.  

Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr 2000;72:690–3: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10966885.
Vitamin D deficiency in obesity and health consequences. Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes 2006, 13(5):p 412-418, Oct: https://journals.lww.com/co-endocrinology/Abstract/2006/10000/Vitamin_D_deficiency_in_obesity_and_health.4.aspx.
“Michael F. Holick, PhD, MD The Pioneer of Vitamin D Research”, by Philip Smith. Life Extension Magazine 2010, Sept: https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2010/9/michael-holick-the-pioneer-of-vitamin-d-research.

The vitamin d dose response in obesity. Endocr Pract 2014, Dec;20(12):1258-64: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25100366/.

Regular use of vitamin D supplement is associated with fewer melanoma cases compared to non-use: a cross-sectional study in 498 adult subjects at risk of skin cancers. Melanoma Research 2022; published ahead of print DOI: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000870.

Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in the UK Biobank. Annals of Internal Medicine 2022, Nov: DOI: 10.7326/M21-3324.

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RESEARCH
Brief diesel exhaust exposure acutely impairs functional brain connectivity in humans: a randomized controlled crossover study. Environmental Health 2023; 22 (1) DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00961-4.

Impact of Yoga on Global Cardiovascular Risk as an Add-On to a Regular Exercise Regimen in Patients With Hypertension. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.09.019.

Fucosylation of HLA-DRB1 regulates CD4+ T cell-mediated anti-melanoma immunity and enhances immunotherapy efficacy. Nature Cancer 2023; https://www.nature.com/articles/s43018-022-00506-7.

Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023, Jan 13: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2

WELCOME
Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016, Jul;1376(1):29-52: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031366.

NEWS
Tissue specific signature of HHV-6 infection in ME/CFS. Front Mol Biosci Sec Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics 2022, provisionally accepted Dec 5: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1044964/abstract.
Saliva antibody-fingerprint of reactivated latent viruses after mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 is unique in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome Frontiers in Immunology 2022: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949787.

Anti-Inflammatory Diets in Fertility: An Evidence Review. Nutrients, 2022; 14 (19): 3914 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193914.

Recurrent urinary tract infection and oestrogen shape the taxonomic ecology and function of the postmenopausal urogenital microbiome. Cell Reports Medicine 2022; 3 (10): 100753 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100753.

Impact of Yoga on Global Cardiovascular Risk as an Add-On to a Regular Exercise Regimen in Patients With Hypertension. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.09.019.

Agr2-associated ER stress promotes adherent-invasive E. coli dysbiosis and triggers CD103+ dendritic cell IL-23-dependent ileocolitis. Cell Reports 2022; 41 (7): 111637 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111637.

Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2022; 80 (24): 2269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.048.

Effects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on Physical Performance, Endothelial Function, and Persistent Fatigue in Adults with Long COVID: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022, 14 (23), 4984: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14234984.
Combining L-Arginine with vitamin C improves long-COVID symptoms: The LINCOLN Survey. Pharmacol. Res. 2022, 183, 106360: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35868478.
Association between vitamin D status and physical performance in COVID-19 survivors: Results from the Gemelli against COVID-19 post-acute care project. Mech Ageing Dev 2022, Jul, 205:111684. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35568146.

Oral microbes and the formation of cerebral abscesses: A single-centre retrospective study. Journal of Dentistry, 2023; 128: 104366. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300571222004183.

Nasal spray:
Formulation of a Composite Nasal Spray Enabling Enhanced Surface Coverage and Prophylaxis of SARS-COV-2. Advanced Materials.2021. 33(26), 2008304.
Carrageenan nasal spray in virus confirmed common cold: individual patient data analysis of two randomized controlled trials. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine 9, 57.
Nasal Swab samples analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled UV-Vis spectroscopy – study conducted by LabWide Solutions HK Ltd.

Vitamin D protects against depression: Evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis on interventional and observational meta-analyses. Pharmacol Res 2022, Dec 9, 106605. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36509315.

ANNE PEMBERTON

1. The polyvagal theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108032.

2. “Healing Developmental Trauma: How Early Trauma Affects Self-Regulation, Self-Image, and the Capacity for Relationship”, by Laurence Heller and Aline Lapierre (Tantor Auidio, 2015): https://www.amazon.com/Healing-Developmental-Trauma-audiobook/dp/B00ZYL0D9S.

3.“Holotropic Breathwork: A New Approach to Self-Exploration and Therapy” by Stanislav Grof and Christina Grof (State University of New York Press, 2010): https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1438433948/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_KW3ZFMH1TRWDCZK24PX7

4. Healing altered states of consciousness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479903.

5.https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1438433948/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_KW3ZFMH1TRWDCZK24PX7

6.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479903.

7. Intergenerational trauma: Parental PTSD and parent-reported child abuse subtypes differentially relate to admission characteristics in the autism inpatient collection: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aur.2669.

8. On the ontological status of autism: the ‘double empathy problem’: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09687599.2012.710008.

9. “The double empathy problem”: https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/professional-practice/double-empathy.

10. “Autistic burnout, explained”: https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/autistic-burnout-explained.

11. The Relation Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Health: Turning Gold into Lead: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6220625.

12. A Model for Basic Emotions Using Observations of Behavior in Drosophila: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00781/full#B98.

13. The Evolutionary Psychology of Envy and Jealousy: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01619/full

14. The ecology of human fear: survival optimization and the nervous system: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2015.00055/full

15. “The Secret Language of Your Body: The Essential Guide to Health and Wellness”, Inna Segal (Beyond Words, 2010).

16. A Model for Basic Emotions Using Observations of Behavior in Drosophila: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00781/full#B98

17.“What You Feel You Can Heal”, John Gray (Vermilion, 2002).

18. When the Body Says No: The Cost of Hidden Stress, by Dr Gabor Maté (Vermilion, 2019): https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/178504222X/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_FFHNZAYN5SK3RDWTCKGE.

19. “The Body Keeps the Score: Mind, Brain and Body in the Transformation of Trauma” by Bessel van der Kolk (Penguin, 2015): https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0141978619/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_G7ZMTXNJ9NZQPD28ZY9W

20. “The Secret Language of Your Body: The Essential Guide to Health and Wellness”, Inna Segal (Beyond Words, 2010): https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1582702608/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_WD0AA78Y709C1YMHAMKV

21. “The Encyclopedia of Ailments and Diseases: How to Heal the Conflicted Feelings, Emotions, and Thoughts at the Root of Illness”, by Jacques Martel (Findhorn Press, 2021): https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1644111896/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_BWQ4M63JHXK2CS75BW63.

22 A future perspective for regenerative medicine: understanding the concept of vibrational medicine:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5859346.

23. “Tuning the Human Biofield: Healing with Vibrational Sound Therapy”,  by Eileen Day McKusick (Healing Arts Press, 2021): https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/164411318X/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_74CPTVMPQBS26XEVBD5Q

24. “Lost in Translation: The Social Language Theory of Neurodivergence”, by Janae Elisabeth: https://autietraumageek.medium.com/lost-in-translation-the-social-language-theory-of-neurodivergence-part-1-of-2-1963ba0073c5.25 The polyvagal theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108032.
25. ^“Polyvagal theory in practice”, by Dee Wagner. Counseling Today 2016: https://ct.counseling.org/2016/06/polyvagal-theory-practice/#27. “Music and the Vagus Nerve: How Music Affects the Nervous System and Mental Health”: https://www.musichealth.ai/blog/music-and-the-vagus-nerve.28. Creative Flow and Physiologic States in Dancers During Performance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7266962.
26. “How to Stimulate Your Vagus Nerve for Better Mental Health”, by Jordan Fallis, September 24, 2022:
    https://sass.uottawa.ca/sites/sass.uottawa.ca/files/how_to_stimulate_your_vagus_nerve_for_better_mental_health_1.pdf.30. Directional effects of whole-body spinning and visual flow in virtual reality on vagal neuromodulation: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34024797.31. Breath of Life: The Respiratory Vagal Stimulation Model of Contemplative Activity: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6189422.32. The opioid effects of gluten exorphins: asymptomatic celiac disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5025969.

COGNITIVE HEALTH

Brain vitamin D forms, cognitive decline, and neuropathology in community-dwelling older adults. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2022, Dec 7: https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.12836.

Transgenerational transmission of aspartame-induced anxiety and changes in glutamate-GABA signaling and gene expression in the amygdala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2022; 119 (49) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213120119.

Lutein Decreases Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Prevents Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation at Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022, Nov 17;11(11):2269. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9687421.
Lutein Has a Positive Impact on Brain Health in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2021, May 21;13(6):1746. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8223987.

Association of Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acids with MRI Markers and Cognitive Function in Midlife — The Framingham Heart Study. Neurology  2022: https://n.neurology.org/content/99/23/e2572.

DIGESTION

Iron status in pregnant women and women of reproductive age in Europe. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106 (Suppl): 1655S-62S.
Riksmaten Adolescents Survey 2016-2017, Swedish National Food Agency (Livsmedelsverket) report series no. 23, 2018.
Nutritional Composition and Estimated Iron and Zinc Bioavailability of Meat Substitutes Available on the Swedish Market. Nutrients 2022; 14 (19): 3903. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/19/3903.

Plasticity of the adult human small intestinal stoma microbiota. Cell Host & Microbe 2022:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1931312822005157?via%3Dihub

Gravity and the Gut: A Hypothesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022; 117 (12): 1933.  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/Fulltext/2022/12000/Gravity_and_the_Gut__A_Hypothesis_of_Irritable.15.aspx.

Anti-inflammatory effect of multistrain probiotic formulation (L. rhamnosus, B. lactis, and B. longum). Nutrition. 2018; 53:95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.005. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0899900718300637.

Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2017, 9, 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060555.

Inulin fibre promotes microbiota-derived bile acids and type 2 inflammation. Nature 2022, 611: 578–584. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05380-y.

Methanogens and Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria Guide Distinct Gut Microbe Profiles and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtypes. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2022, Dec, 117(12):2055-2066. https://journals.lww.com/ajg/Fulltext/2022/12000/Methanogens_and_Hydrogen_Sulfide_Producing.29.aspx.

RESEARCH
Post-COVID-19 syndrome risk factors and further use of health services in East England. PLOS Global Public Health 2022: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001188.

Early adversity promotes binge-like eating habits by remodeling a leptin-responsive lateral hypothalamus–brainstem pathway. Nature Neuroscience 2022, Dec 12: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-022-01208-0.

The gut microbiota and depressive symptoms across ethnic groups. Nature Communications 2022, Dec 6: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34502-3.
Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms. Nature Communications 2022, 13, 7128: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34502-3#citeas.

Mushrooms:
1. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2009;23:367–372. Doi: 10.1002/ptr.2634

2. Nutritional mushroom treatment in Meniere’s disease with Coriolus versicolor: A rationale for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammation and antineurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:284. Doi: 10.3390/ijms21010284
3. Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor modulate molecular and biochemical changes after traumatic brain injury. Antioxidants 2021;10:898. Doi: 10.3390/antiox10060898
4. Natural compounds such as Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and lipoxin A4 expression in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice. Biomedicines 2022;10:2505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102505.

IN PRACTICE

Cyberchondria: Overlap with health anxiety and unique relations with impairment, quality of life, and service utilization. Psychiatry Res 2018,  Mar;261:204-211,  doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.002.

Diagnose this if you can: On the effectiveness of search engines in finding medical self-diagnosis information. In Advances in Information Retrieval: 37th European Conference on IR Research, ECIR 2015, Proceedings [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 9022]. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 562-567.

WELCOME
 Burden of chronic diseases associated with periodontal diseases: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data. BMJ Open 2021;11:e048296: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/12/e048296.

Association between hypercholesterolemia and mortality risk among patients referred for cardiac imaging test: Evidence of a “cholesterol paradox?” Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2022, In Press, online Oct 20.

NEWS
Disruption of the gut microbiota confers cisplatin resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2022: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-0455.
Outdoor light at night in relation to glucose homoeostasis and diabetes in Chinese adults: a national and cross-sectional study of 98,658 participants from 162 study sites. Diabetologia 2022,  doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05819-x.

Premature Deaths Attributable to the Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods in Brazil. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.08.013.

Broad Antiviral Effects of Echinacea purpurea against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Potential Mechanism of Action. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2145. Full text free online at https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2145.

Prevalence of and factors associated with osteoarthritis and pain in retired Olympians compared with the general population: part 1 – the lower limb. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2022; 56 (19): 1123 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104762.

Prevalence of and factors associated with osteoarthritis and pain in retired Olympians compared with the general population: part 2 – the spine and upper limb. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2022; 56 (19): 1132 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104978.

Gut to lung translocation and antibiotic mediated selection shape the dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an ICU patient. Nature Communications 2022; 13 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34101-2.

Effect of adding probiotics to an antibiotic intervention on the human gut microbial diversity and composition: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2022; 71 (11) DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001625.

PETE WILLIAMS
1. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nature Medicine 2019, Dec, 25(12): 1822-32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7147972.
2. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Strong Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4(1): 501–511, published online Dec 14: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7835991.

University of Central Lancashire studies:
Antimicrobial, Polarizing Light, and Paired Helical Filament Properties of Fragmented Tau Peptides of Selected Putative Gingipains. J Alz Dis 2022, Oct 11, 89 (4), 1279-91: https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad220486.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Conditioned Medium Induces Amyloidogenic Processing of the Amyloid-β Protein Precursor upon in vitro Infection of SH-SY5Y Cells. J Alzheimer’s Dis Reports 2022, Sept 20, 6 (1), 577-87: https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease-reports/adr220029.

HEART HEALTH
Effect of garlic on serum lipids: an updated meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2013 May;71(5):282-99: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23590705.

“Commonly used supplements for ‘heart health’ don’t work”: Laffin quoted in “Taking supplements to control cholesterol? Read this”, Fox8 News, Nov 8: https://fox8.com/news/health/cleveland-clinic-study-finds-dietary-supplements-for-heart-health-are-no-good.

Statins as safe as supplements: claim made in “Supplements Ineffective in Reducing Cholesterol, Study Finds”, a Nov 7 release from the Cleveland Clinic Newsroom: https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2022/11/07/supplements-ineffective-in-reducing-cholesterol-study-finds.

Traditional Chinese lipid-lowering agent red yeast rice results in significant LDL reduction but safety is uncertain – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2015, 240(2):415–23: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25897793.

Rare Variant in Scavenger Receptor BI raises HDL Cholesterol and Increases Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Science 2016: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aad3517.

Total cholesterol and all-cause mortality by sex and age: a prospective cohort study among 12.8 million adults. Sci Rep 2019, 9, 1596: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-38461-y#citeas.,

Roles and mechanisms of garlic and its extracts on atherosclerosis: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022, 03 Oct: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.954938/full.

Red Yeast Rice for Hypercholesterolemia. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2019, Jul-Sep; 15(3): 192–199. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822657.

Race-Dependent Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels With Incident Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2022; 80 (22): 2104. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.027.

Subretinal drusenoid deposits are strongly associated with coexistent high-risk vascular diseases. BMJ Open Ophthalmology 2022, 7 (1): e001154. DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001154.

RESEARCH UPDATE
Aerobic exercise training reduces cerebrovascular impedance in older adults: a 1-year randomized controlled trial. Journal of Applied Physiology 2022, 133:4, 902-912: https://journals.physiology.org/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1152%2Fjapplphysiol.00241.2022.
Higher Habitual Dietary Flavonoid Intake Associates With Less Extensive Abdominal Aortic Calcification in a Cohort of Older Women. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2022; 42 (12): 1482 DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318408.
Association of Dietary Intake of Flavonols With Changes in Global Cognition and Several Cognitive Abilities. Neurology, 2022; 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201541 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201541.
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6 damages Drosophila heart and mouse cardiomyocytes through MGA/MAX complex-mediated increased glycolysis. Communications Biology, 2022; 5 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03986-6.
Vitamin C enhances NF-κB-driven epigenomic reprogramming and boosts the immunogenic properties of dendritic cells. Nucleic Acids Research 2022; gkac941, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac941.
Krill oil protects dopaminergic neurons from age-related degeneration through temporal transcriptome rewiring and suppression of several hallmarks of aging. Aging 2022, Nov, 14 (21): 8661-87:    https://www.aging-us.com/article/204375/text.
Acupuncture for low back and/or pelvic pain during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2022, 12: e056878. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/12/e056878.

FOOD ADDICTION
Macronutrient (im)balance drives energy intake in an obesogenic food environment: An ecological analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022, 30( 11): 2156-66. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.23578.
Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis. Obesity Reviews 2005, May, 6 (2): 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x.

Highly processed foods can be considered addictive substances based on established scientific criteria. Addiction 2022, 9 Nov: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.16065.

Nutritional Ecology and Human Health. Annu Rev Nutr 2016, Jul, 36: 603-26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27296501.

WELCOME
Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2022, 378: https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2021-069288.
Egg, red meat, and poultry intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen-era: incidence and survival. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2011 Dec;4(12):2110-21.
Prof  Richard David Feinman quote is from his book Nutrition in Crisis (Chelsea Green 2019), page 236.

NEWS
Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue.  Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3263. DOI: 10.3390/nu14163263.  
A dietary intervention for vasomotor symptoms of menopause: a randomized, controlled trial. Menopause 2022, Oct 18, doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002080: https://pcrm.widen.net/s/kbrn2p6mqx/capital-wavs-ii.
Dr Marilyn Glenville:
Consensus: soy isoflavones as a first-line approach to the treatment of menopausal vasomotor complaints. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016 Jun; 32(6):427-30, doi: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1152240. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
Full paper: https://alsifemin.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Schmidt-et-al-Gyn-Endocrinol_2016.pdf.

Cordyceps mushroom with increased cordycepin content by the cultivation on edible insects. Front Microbiol 2022, Oct 19: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017576.

 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.005. Epub 2022 Aug 29.

Microbiota imbalance induced by dietary sugar disrupts immune-mediated protection from metabolic syndrome. Cell 2022, Sep 15;185(19):3501-3519.e20: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00992-8.

FERTILITY
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GUT UPDATE

Reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiome and mammary tissue mast cells promote metastatic dissemination of HR+ breast tumours. Cancer Immunology Research 2022. DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-21-1120.

Microplastics: What happens in the human digestive tract? First evidences in adults using in vitro gut models. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2023, 442 130010:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130010

BefA, a microbiota-secreted membrane disrupter, disseminates to the pancreas and increases  beta-cell mass. Cell Metabolism 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.001.

Identification of environmental factors that promote intestinal inflammation. Nature 2022 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05308-6

A local tumour microenvironment acquired super-enhancer induces an oncogenic driver in colorectal carcinoma. Nature Communications 2022; 13 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33377-8

Unfermented β-fructan fibers fuel inflammation in select inflammatory bowel disease patients. Gastroenterology 2022. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.034

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Diet and Exercise Effects on Cognition: A Review of the Intervention Literature. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 2022. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac166. 

RESEARCH
Loss of Nuclear Envelope Integrity and Increased Oxidant Production Cause DNA Damage in Adult Hearts Deficient in PKP2: A Molecular Substrate of ARVC. Circulation 2022, Sep 13;146(11):851-867, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35959657.
Honokiol Research Review: A promising extract with multiple applications. Nat Med J 2014, Jan 16: https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/honokiol-research-review.

Theory and performance of substitution models for estimating relative causal effects in nutritional epidemiology. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac188.

NEWS EXTRA
Long COVID stat: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19latestinsights/infections.

Persistence, prevalence, and polymorphism of sequelae after COVID-19 in unvaccinated, young adults of the Swiss Armed Forces: a longitudinal cohort study (LoCoMo). The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2022, Aug 25: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00449-2/fulltext.

Distinguishing features of Long COVID identified through immune profiling. medRxiv 2022.08.09.22278592, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.09.22278592. Preprint.

Bile Acid–Microbiome Interaction Promotes Gastric Carcinogenesis. Advanced Science 2022, 9:16. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202200263.

WELCOME

Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2022, Sept 14,1- 12: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12767.

The mineral depletion of foods available to us as a nation (1940-2002)–a review of the 6th Edition of McCance and Widdowson. Nutr Health 2007;19(1-2):21-55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18309763.

https://psnc.org.uk/lpcs-and-local/locally-commissioned-services/essential-facts-stats-and-quotes/prescriptions.

Health Survey for England, 2016 showed that 48% of adults in the country had taken at least one prescribed medicine in the past week, and almost a quarter, 24%, had taken three or more prescribed medicines in the past week. Feb 12, 2021.

Only 12% of American adults are metabolically healthy, Carolina study finds. https://www.unc.edu/posts/2018/11/28/only-12-percent-of-american-adults-are-metabolically-healthy-carolina-study-finds. Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 2019, Feb, 46-52: http://doi.org/10.1089/met.2018.0105.

“Disease burden is higher in the US. than in comparable countries”, at
https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/quality-u-s-healthcare-system-compare-countries.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/290087/consumer-spending-on-pharmaceutical-products-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/

Diet change for hypertension: research presented at the American Heart Association’s Hypertension Scientific Sessions 2022, held Sept. 7-10, 2022, in San Diego.

An ACE2-dependent Sarbecovirus in Russian bats is resistant to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. PLOS Pathogens, 2022; 18 (9): e1010828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010828.

More on Dr Royal Lee at https://www.drroyallee.com.

Profitability of Large Pharmaceutical Companies Compared With Other Large Public Companies.  JAMA 2020, Mar 3; 323(9): 834–843,  doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.0442.
Prescribing Costs in Hospitals and the Community 2019-2020. NHS Digital: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/prescribing-costs-in-hospitals-and-the-community/2019-2020.

98.2% survival rate: https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-970830023526.

NEWS
Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Promotion by Air Pollutants, was presented at the ESMO Congress on Saturday 10 September 10, 2022. Related paper: Lung cancer in never-smokers: a hidden disease. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2019, 112(7):269-271. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0141076819843654?journalCode=jrsb.  

Statin therapy is not warranted for a person with high LDL-cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet. Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity 2022, Oct, 29 (5): 497-511. https://journals.lww.com/co-endocrinology/Fulltext/2022/10000/Statin_therapy_is_not_warranted_for_a_person_with.14.aspx.
Evaluating the Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction and Relative and Absolute Effects of Statin Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2022 May 1;182(5):474-481: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35285850.

Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2022, Sept 14,1- 12: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12767.

Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates aging-induced memory deficits via modulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitophagy in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2022, Oct 15, 168:111950. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0531556522002583.

Rapid initiation of nasal saline irrigation to reduce severity in high-risk COVID+ outpatients. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 2022; 0(0). doi:10.1177/01455613221123737.

CHRONIC FATIGUE

1. MEA: https://meassociation.org.uk/about-what-is-mecfs/#Part-4
2. McGrath, Simon (June 11, 2018). “Analysis of data from 500,000 individuals in UK Biobank demonstrates 
an inherited component to ME/CFS”.  ME/CFS Research Review. Retrieved  February 23, 2019
3. Bested AC, Marshall LM. Review of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: 
an evidence‑based approach to diagnosis and management by clinicians. 
Rev Environ Health. 2015;30:223–49.
4. Front Neurol. 2020 Aug 11;11:826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00826.

Long COVID lessons – CLAIRE SEHINSON

1. ME Association website poll, conducted January 2016. https://meassociation.org.uk.
   2. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188/chapter/Context.
   3. “Crunching the numbers: is GBR the sick man of Europe?” by Simon Martin. IHCAN 2021, Feb, 6-7. www.ihcan-mag.com.
   4. Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic. Lancet.2020; 396: 874. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6. Discussed in The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters, Lancet 2020, Nov 28;396 (10264):1731. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32218-2.
   5. Glucocorticoids activate Epstein Barr virus lytic replication through the upregulation of immediate early BZLF1 gene expression. Brain Behav Immun 2010, Oct; 24(7):1089-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.04.013.

OHC papers:
A preliminary prospective study of nutritional, psychological and combined therapies for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) in a private care setting. BMJ  Open 2012: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/2/6/e001079.full.

The Application of Integral Medicine in the Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Integral Theory and Practice 2011, 6(4), 25-40: https://www.theoptimumhealthclinic.com/the-application-of-integral-medicine-in-the-treatment-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitischronic-fatigue-syndrome.

DIABETES

A Company Is Only as Healthy as Its Workers: a 6-Month Metabolic Health Management Pilot Program Improves Employee Health and Contributes to Cost Savings. Metabolites 2022, 12(9), 848: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090848.

Diabetes UK statement: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/professionals/position-statements-reports/food-nutrition-lifestyle/low-carb-diets-for-people-with-diabetes.

MITOCHONDRIA

Adaptive dysfunction of selenoproteins from the perspective of the triage theory: why modest selenium deficiency may increase risk of diseases of aging. FASEB J 2011 Jun;25(6):1793-814. https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fj.11-180885.

Vitamin K, an example of triage theory: is micronutrient inadequacy linked to diseases of aging? Am J Clin Nutr 2009, Oct; 90(4):889-907. https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/90/4/889/4597018.

 Selenium preserves mitochondrial function, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduces infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia. BMC Neurosci 2012, Jul 9; 13:79. https://bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2202-13-79.

Vitamin K2 Modulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in SH-SY5Y Cells via Mitochondrial Quality-Control Loop. Nutrients 2022, Apr 4;14(7):1504. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35406117.

Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2016, Dec 16;17(12):2124. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27999288.

Mitochondrial autophagy in the sleeping brain. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022; 10: 956394. Published online 2022 Aug 24. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956394.

Dr Terry Wahls

1. Ames BN. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging-a metabolic tune-up. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord.2003;17 Suppl 2:S54-57.
2. Ames BN. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci.2004;1019:406-411.>
3. Ames BN. Low micronutrient intake may accelerate the degenerative diseases of aging through allocation of scarce micronutrients by triage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2006;103(47):17589-17594.
4. Ames BN, Liu J. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging with acetylcarnitine.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1033:108-116.
5. Sergi G, Pizzato S, Piovesan F, Trevisan C, Veronese N, Manzato E. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in diabetic neuropathy and other geriatric disorders. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30(2):133-138.
6. Bene J, Hadzsiev K, Melegh B. Role of carnitine and its derivatives in the development and management of type 2 diabetes.Nutr Diabetes. 2018;8(1):8.
7. Ferrari R, Merli E, Cicchitelli G, Mele D, Fucili A, Ceconi C. Therapeutic effects of L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine on cardiovascular diseases: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1033:79-91.
8. Chao de la Barca JM, Rondet-Courbis B, Ferre M, et al. A Plasma Metabolomic Profiling of Exudati2020;9(3).
9. Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, et al. Treatment and prevention of pathological mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal degeneration and in photoreceptor injury. Biochem Pharmacol.2022;203:115168.
10. Veronese N, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Ajnakina O, Carvalho AF, Maggi S. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation and the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Psychosom Med.2018;80(2):154-159.
11. Kepka A, Ochocinska A, Borzym-Kluczyk M, et al. Preventive Role of L-Carnitine and Balanced Diet in Alzheimer’s Disease. 2020;12(7).
12. Kidd PM. Neurodegeneration from mitochondrial insufficiency: nutrients, stem cells, growth factors, and prospects for brain rebuilding using integrative management.Altern Med Rev. 2005;10(4):268-293.
13. Traina G. The neurobiology of acetyl-L-carnitine. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed).2016;21(7):1314-1329.
14. Crentsil V. Mechanistic contribution of carnitine deficiency to geriatric frailty.Ageing Res Rev.2010;9(3):265-268.
15. Par A, Hegyi JP, Vancsa S, Par G. Sarcopenia – 2021: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy. Orv Hetil.2021;162(1):3-12.

RESEARCH update

Environmental risks from artificial nighttime lighting widespread and increasing across Europe. Science Advances 2022, Sept 14, 8 (37): https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abl6891.
Evaluating the Association between Artificial Light-at-Night Exposure and Breast and Prostate Cancer Risk in Spain (MCC-Spain Study). Environ Health Perspectives 2018, 126 (4), https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp1837.
Mitochondria as Potential Targets and Initiators of the Blue Light Hazard to the Retina. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019, Aug 21;2019:6435364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721470/#__ffn_sectitle.

Gut microbiome of multiple sclerosis patients and paired household healthy controls reveal associations with disease risk and course. Cell 2022, Sept 15, 185 (19): 3467-86.e16: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01115-1.

Plant N-glycan breakdown by human gut Bacteroides. PNAS 2022, Sept 19, 119 (39) e2208168119: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208168119.

Prebiotic Potential of a New Sweetener Based on Galactooligosaccharides and Modified Mogrosides. J Agric Food Chem 2022, 70, 29, 9048–9056: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01363.

Gut-Brain Circuits for Fat Preference. Nature, 2022; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05266-z.

Acute Impact of Fine Particulate Air Pollution on Cardiac Arrhythmias in a Population‐Based Sample of Adolescents: The Penn State Child Cohort.  Journal of the American Heart Association 2022, Sept 14, 11 (18): https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.

Independent phenotypic plasticity axes define distinct obesity sub-types. Nat Metab 2022: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-022-00629-2.

news EXTRA

SARS-CoV-2 infection drives an inflammatory response in human adipose tissue through infection of adipocytes and macrophages. Science Translational Medicine, 2022; https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abm9151.
Aspirin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet 2022, Jan 8;399(10320):143-151: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34800427.

Circulating anti-nuclear autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors predict long-COVID symptoms. Eur Respir J 2022, Sep 22;2200970. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36137590.

Association of COVID-19 with New-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimer’s Disease 2022, 89 (2): 411-414: https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad220717.

Effects of mild obesity on outcomes in Japanese patients with COVID-19: a nationwide consortium to investigate COVID-19 host genetics. Nutr. Diabetes 2022,12, 38: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-022-00217-z.

How important is obesity as a risk factor for respiratory failure, intensive care admission and death in hospitalised COVID-19 patients? Results from a single Italian centre. EJE 2020, 183 (4): https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/183/4/EJE-20-0541.xml.

NEWS

Vitamin B12 and folate decrease inflammation and fibrosis in NASH by preventing Syntaxin 17 homocysteinylation. Journal of Hepatology 2022: https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278(22)02932-4/fulltext.
Skill-mix change and outcomes in primary care: Longitudinal analysis of general practices in England 2015-2019. Soc Sci Med 2022, Sep;308:115224: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35872540.

IHCANchat: High-dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022, Jul 19;e2852, online ahead of print: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35851507.

The impact of Rhodiola rosea on biomarkers of diabetes, inflammation, and microbiota in a leptin receptor-knockout mouse model. Scientific Reports, 2022; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14241-7.

Plant green pigment of chlorophyllin attenuates inflammatory bowel diseases by suppressing autophagy activation in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022, 323(2):G102-G113: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35638642.

A non-canonical vitamin K cycle is a potent ferroptosis suppressor. Nature 2022: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05022-3.

Alzheimer’s is Preventable campaign:
Effect of reductions in amyloid levels on cognitive change in randomized trials: instrumental variable meta-analysis. BMJ 2021; 372: n156.
Editorial. Dementia: a false promise. Lancet 2014;384(9948):1072: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)61658-5/fulltext.
The costs of developing treatments for Alzheimer’s disease: A retrospective exploration. Alzheimer’s Dement 2022;18:469–477. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12450.  
Genetics of Alzheimer disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2010, 23(4) 213-227: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044597.
Effect of the Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Cognitive Change During a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018; 75: 462-70: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29356827.
Precision Nutrition for Alzheimer’s Prevention in ApoE4 Carriers. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1362: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33921683.
Effect of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control on Probable Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019, Feb 12;321(6):553-561: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30688979.
Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020,  Nov;91(11):1201-1209: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32690803.
Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2014 Jun 24;14:643: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24962204.
Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Impairment. Annual Review of Nutrition 2016, 36: 211-239: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050947.
Piloting and validation of a novel self-administered online cognitive screening tool in normal older persons: the Cognitive Function Test. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014, Feb; 29(2):198-206: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23754255.

INFLAMMATION
Intranasal delivery of pro-resolving lipid mediators rescues memory and gamma oscillation impairment in App^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} mice. Communications Biology 2022, 5, 245: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03169-3.
Downregulation of Neurofilament Light Chain Expression in Human Neuronal-Glial Cell Co-Cultures by a Microbiome-Derived Lipopolysaccharide-Induced miRNA-30b-5p. Front. Neurol 2022, Sec. Autonomic Neuroscience, https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.900048.

Fibre stats: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/fibre.html#:~:text=How%20much%20fibre%20should%20I,aim%20for%2015g%20per%20day.

Inflammation, tau pathology, and synaptic integrity associated with sleep spindles and memory prior to β-amyloid positivity. Sleep 2022:  zsac135, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac135.

A Japanese Herbal Formula, Daikenchuto, Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Reshaping Microbial Profiles and Enhancing Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Frontiers in Immunology 2022: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903459.

Inflammatory exposure drives long-lived impairment of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal activity and accelerated aging. Cell Stem Cell 2022, Jul 12: S1934-5909(22)00261-2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590922002612?dgcid=author.

Dietary Meat, Trimethylamine N-Oxide-Related Metabolites, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 2022, Aug 1: https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316533.

VITAMIN D
Vitamin D deficiency and C-reactive protein: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. International Journal of Epidemiology 2022. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac087.
Vitamin D and brain health: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022, Aug 4;116(2):531-540: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35451454.
Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults. N Engl J Med 2022, July 28, 387:299-309: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2202106.
Guidelines for optimizing design and analysis of clinical studies of nutrient effects. Nutr Rev 2014, Jan;72(1):48-54: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24330136.
Post-hoc analysis of vitamin D status and reduced risk of preterm birth in two vitamin D pregnancy cohorts compared with South Carolina March of Dimes 2009-2011 rates. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016, Jan;155(Pt B):245-51: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26554936.

RESEARCH update
Association of Ultraprocessed Food Consumption With Risk of Dementia A Prospective Cohort. Neurology, July 27, 2022 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200871.

Roundup and glyphosate’s impact on GABA to elicit extended proconvulsant behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022, 12, 13655: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17537-w.

Exercise training enhances muscle mitochondrial metabolism in diet-resistant obesity. eBioMedicine, 2022; 104192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104192.

Folic acid and neural tube defects: Discovery, debate and the need for policy change. J Med Screen 2022, Sep;29(3):138-146: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35735352.

Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: results from the UK Women’s Cohort Study. BMC Med 2022, 20, 275: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02468-0.

Effect on bone anabolic markers of daily cheese intake with and without vitamin K2: a randomised clinical trial. BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health 2022: https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/bmjnph/early/2022/06/29/bmjnph-2022-000424.full.pdf.

Gut Microbial Stability is Associated with Greater Endurance Performance in Athletes Undertaking Dietary Periodization. mSystems 2022, 7:3, https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.00129-22.

 ALEX ZODIAC
1. High-dose thiamine supplementation improves glucose tolerance in hyperglycemic individuals: a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial. Eur J Nutr 2013 Oct;52(7):1821-4: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23715873.
2. Dysfunctional mitochondria as critical players in the inflammation of autoimmune diseases: Potential role in Sjögren’s syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2021 Aug;20(8):102867: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34118452.
3. Mitochondria, endothelial cell function, and vascular diseases. Front. Physiol 2014, 6 May, Sec. Redox Physiology: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2014.00175/full.
4. Thiamine Deficiency Disease, Dysautonomia and High Calorie Malnutrition, by Derrick Lonsdale, MD, and Chandler Marrs, PhD. Academic Press; 1st edition (June 29, 2017): https://www.amazon.co.uk/Thiamine-Deficiency-Disease-Dysautonomia-Malnutrition/dp/0128103876/ref=sr_1_1./
5. EONutrition: https://www.youtube.com/c/EONutrition.

COVID update

1. “A Deeper Dive on CDC’s Exit Strategy”, by Jeffrey A. Tucker. August 15, 2022: https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/cdc-reversal-covid-guidance-covid-19-vaccines.
   2. ONS links: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/analysisofdeathregistrationsnotinvolvingcoronaviruscovid19englandandwales28december2019to1may2020/28december2019to10july2020 and https://www.ons.gov.uk/news/statementsandletters/theofficefornationalstatisticsonsexcessdeathsanalysisplan.
   3. “Deaths with unknown causes now Alberta’s top killer: province”, by Nicole Di Donato, July 6, 2022: https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/deaths-with-unknown-causes-now-alberta-s-top-killer-province-1.5975536.
2. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Long COVID: The SARS-CoV-2 Viral Superantigen Hypothesis. Front. Immunol 2022, Sec. Molecular Innate Immunity: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.941009.
3. The Efficacy of Facemasks in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Systematic Review. medRxiv 2022: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.22278153v1.article-metrics.
   6. “How junk science got spread like wildfire”, by Dr Alasdair Munro. August 10, 2022: https://alasdairmunro.substack.com/p/how-junk-science-got-spread-like.

WELCOME

Antidepressant prescribing in England: patterns and costs. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2020, 22(2):19m02552: https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/depression/antidepressant-prescribing-in-england.
What the NHS tells patients: https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fluoxetine-prozac/common-questions-about-fluoxetine.
What proportion of initially prescribed antidepressants is still being prescribed chronically after 5 years in general practice? A longitudinal cohort analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024051: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/2/e024051.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 2018, Apr 7;391(10128):1357-1366: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29477251.

NEWS

Interpersonal Gut Microbiome Variation Drives Susceptibility and Resistance to Cholera Infection. Cell 2022, June 16: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.036.
Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19.  Gut 2022: https://gut.bmj.com/content/70/4/698.

The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence. Mol Psychiatry 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01661-0.

High‐dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 2022; DOI: 10.1002/hup.2852.

Double-blinded randomised placebo controlled trial of enterosgel (polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate) for the treatment of IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D. Gut 2022, published online first, 27 June: https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2022/06/27/gutjnl-2022-327293.citation-tools.

Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in ME/CFS and Long COVID to Sustain Disease and Promote Relapses. Frontiers in Neurology, 2022; 13. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.877772.
Investigating trends in those who experience menstrual bleeding changes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Science Advances, 2022; 8 (28). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7201.
Cloaking the ACE2 receptor with salivary cationic proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry. The Journal of Biochemistry 2022. DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac054.
Reduced Vitamin A RBP levels in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Presented at the American Society for Nutrition’s Nutrition 2022 Live Online, by Dr Richard Vollenberg, MD. Also see Significantly Reduced Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients 2022, May; 14(10): 2007, doi: 10.3390/nu14102007.

“How gut bacteria could boost cancer treatments”, by Jeanne Erdmann. News feature, Nature, 19 July 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01959-7.
Gut microbiota from patients with mild COVID-19 cause alterations in mice that resemble post-COVID syndrome. Preprint (Version 1) 22 June 2022,  available at Research Square: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1756189/v1.

Trends and Disparities in Cardiometabolic Health Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2018. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2022; 80 (2): 138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.046.
Our unhealthy nation. The Lancet Healthy Longevity 2021, Comment, 2: 1, E8-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(20)30062-3.

“Tufts University touts the Food Compass as the ‘most comprehensive and science-based’ nutrient profiling system to date that clears up confusion to benefit consumers, policymakers”: https://scitechdaily.com/new-nutrient-profiling-system-ranking-healthfulness-of-foods-from-first-to-worst.
Limitations of the Food Compass Nutrient Profiling System. SocArXiv 2022, Feb 18: https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/eu578.

Healthy aging and muscle function are positively associated with NAD⁺ abundance in humans. Nat Aging 2022, 2, 254–263: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00174-3.

SPMs
E-series resolvin metabolome, biosynthesis and critical role of stereochemistry of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in inflammation-resolution: Preparing SPMs for long COVID-19, human clinical trials, and targeted precision nutrition. Seminars in Immunology 2022, online February16: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044532322000148.

DIGESTION
Diet and feeding pattern modulate diurnal dynamics of the ileal microbiome and transcriptome. Cell Reports 2022; 40 (1): 111008 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111008.

Human Colon Cancer–Derived Clostridioides difficile Strains Drive Colonic Tumourigenesis in Mice. Cancer Discov 2022, July 12. https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1273/706980/Human-Colon-Cancer-Derived-Clostridioides.

ZBTB46 defines and regulates ILC3s that protect the intestine. Nature 2022, July 13: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04934-4.

Retrograde movements determine effective stem cell numbers in the intestine. Nature 2022; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04962-0.

Oral antibiotics reduce voluntary exercise behavior in athletic mice. Behavioural Processes 2022; 199: 1046,50 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104650. 

RESEARCH UPDATE

The influence of the macular carotenoids on women’s eye and brain health. Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022; 1 DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2084125.

The Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Mental Illness: A Retrospective Analysis of 31 Inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2022, July 6: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.951376.

Disentangling self from pain: mindfulness meditation-induced pain relief is driven by thalamic-default mode network decoupling. Pain 2022, July 7:  https://journals.lww.com/pain/Abstract/9900/Disentangling_self_from_pain__mindfulness.127.aspx.

Secular Trends in Risk Profiles Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022, Jul, 80 (2) 126–37: https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.047.

Memory-enhancing properties of sleep depend on the oscillatory amplitude of norepinephrine. Nature Neuroscience 2022: 10.1038/s41593-022-01102-9

NEWS
Increased emergency cardiovascular events among under-40 population in Israel during vaccine rollout and third COVID-19 wave. Sci Rep 2022, 12, 6978: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10928-z.
Long-term outcomes of adding Lutein/Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids to the AREDS Supplements on Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: AREDS2 Report #28. JAMA Ophthalmology 2022, June 2: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2792855.

Ameliorating Atopy by Compensating Micronutritional Deficiencies in Immune Cells: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.028.

Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2408; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122408.  

A Multicentre, Randomised, Double Blind, Parallel Design, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Uthever (NMN Supplement), an Orally Administered Supplementation in Middle Aged and Older Adults. Front. Aging 2022: https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2022.851698.

Long COVID – Dr DAN KALISH
Early clues regarding the pathogenesis of long-COVID. Trends Immunol 2022, Apr; 43(4): 268-70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35272932.
Long COVID: to investigate immunological mechanisms and sex/gender related aspects as fundamental steps for tailored therapy. Eur Respir J.2022, Feb; 59(2): doi 10.1183/13993003.02245-2021.
Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19. Crit Care 2020, 24, 422: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03120-0.
Long covid – mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ 2021;374:n1648:  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1648.
Regulation of cytokine signaling pathways by PIAS proteins. Cell Res 2006, 16, 196–202 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cr.7310027.
Metabolic features of the cell danger response. Mitochondrion 2014, May;16:7-17. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.006.

CBD

Cannabidiol (CBD) modulation of apelin in acute respiratory distress syndrome.  J Cell Mol Med 2020;00:1–4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcmm.15883.
Cannabidiol Inhibits Glioblastoma Progression Through Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2021; published online Dec 21: https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2021.0098.
Inflammaging and Cannabinoids. Ageing Research Reviews 2021, 72, [101487]: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101487.
Effects of cannabidiol on simulated driving and cognitive performance: A dose-ranging randomised controlled trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2022: https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221095356.

RESEARCH
Maternal gut microbiome–induced IgG regulates neonatal gut microbiome and immunity. Science Immunology 2022; 7 (72). DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh3816.
Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: a randomized controlled trial. Translational Psychiatry, 2022; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01977-z.

Does the concept of ‘ultra-processed foods’ help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional classification systems? YES. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac122.
Does the concept of ‘ultra-processed foods’ help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional classification systems? NO. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac123.
Conflicts of interests of ICQC members (International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium): https://www.carbquality.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/COIs.pdf.
Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them. Public Health Nutr. 2019, Apr;22(5):936-941. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018003762.

Effects of a New Multicomponent Nutritional Supplement on Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in Adult and Old Patients Recovered from COVID-19: A Pilot Observational Case–Control Study. Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2316: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112316.

NEWS extra
Folate related pathway gene analysis reveals a novel metabolic variant
associated with Alzheimer’s disease with a change in metabolic profile. Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060475.

Corroboration of a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00324.
Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in normal and Alzheimer’s disease brains. J Med Virol 1991 Apr;33(4):224-7, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1649907.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 1997, Jan 25;349(9047):241-4: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9014911.

Vitamin D and brain health: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2022; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac107.

Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness. PLOS One 2022, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263069.
Vitamin D, Epstein-Barr virus, and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis – facts and hypotheses. J Integr Neurosci 2021, Mar 30;20(1):233-238: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33834708.

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associate with inflammation and reduced lung function in pulmonary post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2. PLOS Pathogens, 2022; 18 (5): e1010359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010359.

WELCOME
Increasing use of prescription drugs in the United Kingdom. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2016, 25(6), 628–636. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3947.

NEWS

Fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with severity of inattention in a pediatric population with ADHD symptoms: the MADDY Study. Nutritional Neuroscience 2022; 1 DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2071805.
Chronic Consumption of Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) for 12 Weeks Improves Episodic Memory and Regional Brain Perfusion in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Groups Feasibility Study. Frontiers in Nutrition 2022; 9 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849902.

Influenza virus replication in cardiomyocytes drives heart dysfunction and fibrosis. Sci Adv 2022, May 13, 8(19):eabm5371, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5371.
SARS-CoV-2 infects human engineered heart tissues and models COVID-19 myocarditis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Basic to Translational Science 2021, 6: 4, 331-345: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X21000127.
SARS-CoV-2 and influenza: a comparative overview and treatment implications. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2020;77(5):262-273. DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.20000183.
“Even Mild COVID Can Increase the Risk of Heart Problems”, by Mariana Lenharo. Scientific American, March 16, 2022: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/even-mild-covid-can-increase-the-risk-of-heart-problems.

Candida albicans oscillating UME6 expression during intestinal colonization primes systemic Th17 protective immunity. Cell Reports 2022; 39 (7): 110837 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110837.

Obese individuals do not underreport dietary intake to a greater extent than nonobese individuals when data are allometrically-scaled. Am J Human Biol 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23743.

NEWS SARS in the gut

“Coronavirus ‘ghosts’ found lingering in the gut”, by Heidi Ledford.
Nature 605, 408-409 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01280-3.
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NEWS – Dr LINDA ISAACS
1.         Isaacs LL. Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes and cancer: new support for an old theory. Integr Cancer Ther. 2022;21:15347354221096077. doi: 10.1177/15347354221096077. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/15347354221096077.

2. Gonzalez NJ. One Man Alone; An Investigation of Nutrition, Cancer, and William Donald Kelley. New York, NY: New Spring Press; 2010.
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4. Gonzalez NJ. What Went Wrong: The Truth Behind the Clinical Trial of the Enzyme Treatment of Cancer. New York, NY: New Spring Press; 2012.
5. Isaacs LL. Research battles: survival tips from a veteran. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2015;14(5):30-32. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712871/.
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NEWS – Dr ROBERT LUSTIG
Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochemical Pharmacology 2022, 199: 115012. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000629522200106X. Part of Special Issue, Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Health and Disease:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/biochemical-pharmacology/special-issue/10C2CCK1F7N.
Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposure and obesity. Biochem Pharacol. Doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015.
Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions. Biochem Pharacol. Doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115014.

Long COVID – CORT JOHNSON

Decreased Fatty Acid Oxidation and Altered Lactate Production during Exercise in Patients with Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2022, 205(1), 126–129. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202108-1903LE.
Abnormal blood lactate accumulation during repeated exercise testing in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Physiol Rep 2019, 7 (11), 2019, e14138, https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14138,
Functional characterization of muscle fibres from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: case-control study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009, Apr-Jun;22(2):427-36. doi: 10.1177/039463200902200219.
Old muscle in young body: an aphorism describing the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Eur J Transl Myol 2018, Sep 7;28(3):7688, doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7688.
Specific correlations between muscle oxidative stress and chronic fatigue syndrome: a working hypothesis. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2007;28(6):355-62, doi: 10.1007/s10974-008-9128-y.
Understanding Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Aging Res. 2016;2016:2497348, 10.1155/2016/2497348.

PROBIOTICS

COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye. Gut. 2020; 69(6):973-4. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321195.

Gut as viral reservoir: lessons from gut viromes, VIH and COVID-19. Gut. 2021; 70(9):1605-8. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324622.

Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Gut 2021; 70(4):698-706. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020.

Prolonged impairment of short-chain fatty acid and L-isoleucine biosynthesis in gut microbiome in patients with COVID-19. Gastroenterology 2022; 162(2):548-61.e4. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.013.

Gut microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Gut 2022; 71(3):544-52. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325989.

Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2020; 31(6):1068-77.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet2020.04.021.

SIM01 as a novel microbiome replacement therapy for COVID-19: an open-label pilot study. APDW2021. Available: https://www.apdwkl2021.org/abstracts/sim01-as-a-novel-microbiome-replacement-therapy-for-covid19-an-openlabel-pilot-study 

Targeting the gut microbiota in coronavirus disease 2019: hype or hope? Gastroenterology 2022; 162(1):9-16. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.009.

Gut microbiota composition is associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity and adverse events. Gut. 2022. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326563.

Online COVID-19 gastroenterology collection published by Gut, Frontline Gastroenterology and BMJ Open Gastroenterology: https://gut.bmj.com/pages/covid-19/

Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Gut Microbes 2022, 14:1. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2018899.

Gut Ruminococcaceae levels at baseline correlate with risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. iScience. 2021; 25(1):103644. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103644.

Elevated rates of horizontal gene transfer in the industrialized human microbiome. Cell. 2021; 184(8):2053-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.052.

Use of traditional and genetically modified probiotics in human health: what does the future hold? Microbiol Spectr. 2017; 5(5). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0016-2016.

Engineering lactococci and lactobacilli for human health. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013; 16(3):278-83. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.06.002.

Food-grade bacteria expressing elafin protect against inflammation and restore colon homeostasis. Sci Transl Med. 2012; 4(158):158ra144. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.2004212.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105(43):16731-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0804812105.

Microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (MAM) from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii shows a protective effect on DNBS and DSS-induced colitis model in mice through inhibition of NF-kB pathway. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8:114. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00114.

A selective gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase alters host metabolism. Elife. 2018; 7:e37182. doi: 10.7554/eLife.37182.

Inhibition of microbial deconjugation of micellar bile acids protects against intestinal permeability and liver injury. bioRxiv. doi : 10.1101/2021.03.24.436896.

Human gut bacteria produce T_H17-modulating bile acid metabolites. Nature. 2022; 603(7903):907-12. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04480-z.

Longitudinal multi-omics analyses link gut microbiome dysbiosis with recurrent urinary tract infections in women. Nature Microbiology 2022; 7 (5): 630 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01107-x.

Supplementation with a probiotic mixture accelerates gut microbiome maturation and reduces intestinal inflammation in extremely preterm infants. Cell Host & Microbe 2022, 30 5: 696-711.e5: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.005.

Host cells subdivide nutrient niches into discrete biogeographical microhabitats for gut microbes. Cell Host & Microbe 2022: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.012.

MUSHROOMS
British Lung Foundation website: https://statistics.blf.org.uk.

ONS figures: “Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK”, May 6, 2022: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/6may2022.

Arunachalam, Karuppusamy, Sreeja Puthanpura Sasidharan, and Xuefei Yang. A concise review of mushrooms antiviral and immunomodulatory properties that may combat against COVID-19. Food Chemistry Advances (2022): 100023.

Li, Y., Li, M., Wang, R., Wang, B., Athari, S. S., & Wang, J. (2022). Ganoderma Modulates Allergic Asthma Pathologic Features via Anti-inflammatory Effects. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 103843.

Jan, RH., Lin, TY., Hsu, YC. et al. Immuno-modulatory activity of Ganoderma lucidum-derived polysacharide on human monocytoid dendritic cells pulsed with Der p 1 allergen. BMC Immunol 12, 31 (2011).

Chen S, Li Z, Krochmal R, Abrazado M, Kim W, Cooper CB. Effect of Cs-4 (Cordyceps sinensis) on exercise performance in healthy older subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2010 May;16(5):585-90.

Wang, N., Li, J., Huang, X., Chen, W., & Chen, Y. (2016). Herbal medicine Cordyceps sinensis improves health-related quality of life in moderate-to-severe asthma. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016.

Yu, X., Mao, Y., Shergis, J. L., Coyle, M. E., Wu, L., Chen, Y., … & Xu, Y. (2019). Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Cordyceps sinensis on Stable COPD of GOLD Stages 2–3: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.

Xu J, Xiao C, Xu H, Yang S, Chen Z, Wang H, Zheng B, Mao B, Wu X. Anti-inflammatory effects of Ganoderma lucidum sterols via attenuation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Apr;150:112073.

Oh KW, Lee CK, Kim YS, Eo SK, Han SS. Antiherpetic activities of acidic protein bound polysacchride isolated from Ganoderma lucidum alone and in combinations with acyclovir and vidarabine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Sep;72(1-2):221-7.

Guowei, D., Bao, T., Xu, C., Cooper, R. and Zhu, J. X. (2001) CordyMaxTM Cs-4 Improves Steady-State Bioenergy Status in Mouse Liver. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 7, 231-24.

Manabe N, Sugimoto M, Azuma Y, Taketomo N, Yamashita A, Tsuboi H, Tsunoo A, Kinjo N, Nian-Lai H, Miyamoto H. Effects of the mycelial extract of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on in vivo hepatic energy metabolism in the mouse. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1996 Jan;70(1):85-8.

Phillips JM, Ooi SL, Pak SC. Health-Promoting Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Compounds for the COVID-19 Era-An Appraisal: Do the Pro-Health Claims Measure Up? Molecules. 2022;27(7):2302. Published 2022 Apr 1.

Panda AK, Swain KC. Traditional uses and medicinal potential of Cordyceps sinensis of Sikkim. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2011;2(1):9-13.

Chen M, Cheung FW, Chan MH, et al. Protective roles of Cordyceps on lung fibrosis in cellular and rat models. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;143(2):448-454.

Geng P, Siu KC, Wang Z, Wu JY. Antifatigue Functions and Mechanisms of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9648496. doi:10.1155/2017/9648496

Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Khan MI, Alsayegh AA, Wahab S, Alam MI, Ahmed

1. Ganoderma lucidum: A potential source to surmount viral infections through

β-glucans immunomodulatory and triterpenoids antiviral properties. Int J Biol

Macromol. 2021 Sep 30;187:769-779.

Al-Jumaili, Miqdam & K.Y. Al-dulaimi, Fahad & Ajeel, Mohammed. The Role of

Ganoderma lucidum Uptake on Some Hematological and Immunological Response

in Patients with Coronavirus (COVID-19). Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(8):537-541: https://www.sysrevpharm.org/articles/the-role-of-ganoderma-lucidum-uptake-on-some-hematological-and-immunological-response-in-patients-with-coronavirus-covid.pdf.

Eo SK, Kim YS, Lee CK, Han SS. Antiviral activities of various water and methanol

soluble substances isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999

Dec 15;68(1-3):129-36.

Hernández-Márquez E, Lagunas-Martínez A, Bermudez-Morales VH, BurgeteGarcía AI, León-Rivera I, Montiel-Arcos E, García-Villa E, Gariglio P, Madrid-Marina

V V, Ondarza-Vidaurreta RN. Inhibitory activity of Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal

mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (higher Basidiomycetes) on transformed cells by

human papillomavirus. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2014;16(2):179-87.

Jan JT, Cheng TR, Juang YP, Ma HH, Wu YT, Yang WB, Cheng CW, Chen X, Chou

TH, Shie JJ, Cheng WC, Chein RJ, Mao SS, Liang PH, Ma C, Hung SC, Wong CH.

Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of

SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021 Feb 2;118(5):e2021579118.

Li RF, Zhou XB, Zhou HX, Yang ZF, Jiang HM, Wu X, Li WJ, Qiu JJ, Mi JN, Chen M,

Zhong NS, Zhu GY, Jiang ZH. Novel Fatty Acid in Cordyceps Suppresses Influenza

A (H1N1) Virus-Induced Proinflammatory Response Through Regulating Innate

Signaling Pathways. ACS Omega. 2021 Jan 7;6(2):1505-1515.

Lim WZ, Cheng PG, Abdulrahman AY, Teoh TC. The identification of active

compounds in Ganoderma lucidum var. antler extract inhibiting dengue virus

serine protease and its computational studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020

Sep;38(14):4273-4288.

Lin YL, Shih C, Cheng PY, Chin CL, Liou AT, Lee PY, Chiang BL. A Polysaccharide

Purified From Ganoderma lucidum Acts as a Potent Mucosal Adjuvant That

Promotes Protective Immunity Against the Lethal Challenge With Enterovirus A71.

Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 29;11:561758.

Lise Alschuler, Ann Marie Chiasson, Randy Horwitz, Esther Sternberg, Robert

Crocker, Andrew Weil, Victoria Maizes. Integrative medicine considerations for

convalescence from mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease. EXPLORE, 18,

2, 2022, 140-148.

Luo L, Cai LM, Hu XJ. Evaluation of the Anti-Hypoxia and Anti-Fatigue Effects of

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides. AMM 2014;522–524:303–6.

N.Q. Wang, L D Jiang, X. .M. Zhang, Z. .X. Li. [Effect of Dongchong Xiacao capsule

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Panya A, Songprakhon P, Panwong S, Jantakee K, Kaewkod T, Tragoolpua Y,

Sawasdee N, Lee VS, Nimmanpipug P, Yenchitsomanus PT. Cordycepin Inhibits

Virus Replication in Dengue Virus-Infected Vero Cells. Molecules. 2021 May

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Rahman MA, Rahman MS, Bashir NMB, Mia R, Hossain A, Saha SK, Kakon

AJ, Sarker NC. Rationalization of Mushroom-Based Preventive and Therapeutic

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GH, Kang H. Cordycepin is a novel chemical suppressor of Epstein-Barr virus

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Zheng DS, Chen LS. Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit the activation

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COVID

Increased genetic contribution to wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLOS Genetics, 2022; 18 (5): e1010135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010135

COVID – Dr RUSSELL BLAYLOCK
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NEWS
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MIKE ASH
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Dr DAMIEN DOWNING
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VITAMIN C and IODINE – Dr Sarah Myhill
The Potential of Coconut Oil and its Derivatives as Effective and Safe Antiviral Agents Against the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV-2019), Jan 31, 2020: https://www.icp.org.ph/2020/01/the-potential-of-coconut-oil-and-its-derivatives-as-effective-and-safe-antiviral-agents-against-the-novel-coronavirus-ncov-2019

IHCAN Summit
The pandemic brain: Neuroinflammation in non-infected individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2022, Vol 102, May, 89-97: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159122000472#!.

Oxidized Phospholipids Cause Changes in Jejunum Mucus that Induce Dysbiosis and Systemic Inflammation. Journal of Lipid Research 2021; 100153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100153.

Gut microbiome alterations and gut barrier dysfunction are associated with host immune homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. BMC Medicine 2022, 20, 24, Open Access: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-021-02212-0#Abs1.

BIRTHDAY – Solgar
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20. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to riboflavin (vitamin B2) and contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J. 2013;11(10). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3410
21. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on substantiation of health claims related to pantothenic acid and energy-yielding metabolism (ID 56, 59, 60, 64, 171, 172, 208), mental performance (ID 57), maintenance of bone (ID 61), maintenance of teeth (ID 61), maintenance of hair (ID 61), maintenance of skin (ID 61), maintenance of nails (ID 61) and synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, vitamin D and some neurotransmitters (ID 181) pursuant to Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on request from the European Commission. EFSA Journal 2009; 7(9):1218. [19 pp.]. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1218
22. Kelly GS. Rhodiola rosea: A possible plant adaptogen. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(3):293-302.
23. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to zinc and function of the immune system (ID 291, 1757), DNA synthesis and cell division (ID 292, 1759), protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 294, 1758), mainte. EFSA J. 2009;7(10):1229. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1229
24. Marco ML, Heeney D, Binda S, et al. Health benefits of fermented foods: microbiota and beyond. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017;44:94-102. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.010
25. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin D and maintenance of bone and teeth (ID 150, 151, 158), absorption and utilisation of calcium and phosphorus and maintenance of normal blood calcium concentrations (ID 152, 157), cell division (ID 153), and thyroid function (ID 156) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on request from the European Commission. EFSA Journal 2009; 7(9):1227. [19 pp.]. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1227
26. Lehmann U, Hirche F, Stangl GI, Hinz K, Westphal S, Dierkes J. Bioavailability of vitamin D2 and D3 in healthy volunteers, a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(11):4339-4345. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4287

MAST CELLS
1. COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, or is it Mast Cell Activation Syndrome?  J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2020, Sep-Oct, 34(5):1633-1636. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023287.
2. Mast cell activation symptoms are prevalent in Long-COVID. Int J Infect Dis 2021, Nov;112:217-226. Open Access: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8459548.
3. Potential inhibitor of COVID‐19 main protease (M^pro) from several medicinal plant compounds by molecular docking study. Preprints 2020: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202003.0226/v1.

4. Rapid identification of potential inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease by deep docking of 1.3 billion compounds.Mol Inform 2020: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228259/.
   5. Brain “fog”, inflammation and obesity: key aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders improved by luteolin. Front. Neurosci 2015: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00225.
   6. Impact of polyphenols on mast cells with special emphasis on the effect of quercetin and luteolin. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018, 43(4): 476–481. Published online 2018 Dec 31, doi: 10.5114/ceji.2018.81347.
   7. Luteolin supplements: All that glitters is not gold. Biofactors 2021, Mar;47(2):242-244: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33159817.
   8. Endocrine disrupting activities of the flavonoid nutraceuticals luteolin and quercetin. Horm Cancer 2013, October, 4(5): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851288/pdf/nihms503557.pdf.

RESEARCH
Micronutrients for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youths: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022; 61 (5): 647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.005.

Population genomics confirms acquisition of drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus infection by humans from the environment. Nat Microbiol 2022 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01091-2.

Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2022; 79 (5) DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9.

The gut microbiome influences host diet selection behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022; 119 (17) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117537119.

Pericyte-to-endothelial cell signaling via vitronectin-integrin regulates blood-CNS barrier. Neuron 2022, In Press, Corrected Proof Published online: March 15. https://www.cell.com/neuron/pdf/S0896-6273(22)00184-2.pdf.

NEWS
Sulphoraphane exhibits antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses in vitro and in mice. Communications Biology 2022; 5 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03189-z.
Sulforaphane: Its “Coming of Age” as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2716870.
Human gut bacteria produce Τ_Η17-modulating bile acid metabolites. Nature 2022, March 16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04480-z.
A bacterial bile acid metabolite modulates T_reg activity through the nuclear hormone receptor NR4A1. Cell Host & Microbe 2021, August 19: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.013.
The prognostic role of micronutrient status and supplements in COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2022, Apr; 162: 112901,  doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112901.
Promising Effects of 3-Month Period of Quercetin Phytosome^® Supplementation in the Prevention of Symptomatic COVID-19 Disease in Healthcare Workers: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022, Jan 4;12(1):66. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780248.
Virus-induced senescence is a driver and therapeutic target in COVID-19. Nature 2021, 599, 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03995-1.
Menopause Is Associated With Postprandial Metabolism, Metabolic Health and Lifestyle: The ZOE PREDICT Study. Lancet 2022 pre-print: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4051462 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4051462.
Immune regulation by fungal strain diversity in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04502-w.
Comorbidities: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/307143/Comorbidities_framework.pdf.
Prescriptions:
https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/nhs-survey-reports-almost-half-of-adults-in-england-on-prescription-medicines.

DR CATE SHANAHAN
A (growing) list of references and commentary is online at https://drcate.com/pufa-project. Her books Deep Nutrition: Why Your Genes Need Traditional Food and The Fatburn Fix are fully-referenced (Deep Nutrition has more than 650 citations).
Other relevant resources are: Interesterification leads to elevated glucose: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1743-7075-4-3.
Refining Steps: http://canola.okstate.edu/canola-info/canolaoilmeal/oilprocessing.pdf, and
https://drcate.com/can-you-really-cook-with-olive-oil.
Eva Södergren’s PhD dissertation is online at http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:160811/FULLTEXT01.pdf. Lipid peroxidation in vivo. Evaluation and application of methods for measurement. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 949. 78 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-4791-0.

ALLERGY

A novel functional mast cell assay for the detection of allergies. Biologics And Immunotherapy 2022, 149, 3: 1018-30.E11, March 1: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.006.
Projected climate-driven changes in pollen emission season length and magnitude over the continental United States. Nature Communications 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28764-0.
Faecal transfer: Rima Rachid, MD, lead investigator and co-director of the Food Allergy Program at Boston Children’s, presented results February 26 at the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) annual meeting.
Microbiota Therapy Acts Via a Regulatory T Cell MyD88/RORγt Pathway to Suppress Food Allergy. Nature Med 2019, Jul; 25(7): 1164–1174, doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0461-z.
Quercetin with the potential effect on allergic diseases. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020, 16, 36: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-020-00434-0.

ANTIOXIDANTS – Lion’s Mane

1. Morris G, Berk M. The many roads to mitochondrial dysfunction in neuroimmune and neuropsychiatric disorders. BMC Med. 2015;13:68.
2. Fusco R, Siracusa R, Genovese T, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Focus on the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21:4223.
3. Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP. Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: Novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2010;13:1763–1811.
4. Trovato A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R et al. Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Hericium Erinaceus in rat brain: Relevance to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Immun. Ageing 2016;13:23.
5. Kim YK, Shin JS, Nahm MH. NOD-Like Receptors in Infection, Immunity, and Diseases. Yonsei Med. J. 2016;57:5–14.
6. Gugliandolo E, Fusco R, Ginestra G et al. Involvement of TLR4 and PPAR-alpha receptors in host response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, against pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Shock 2019;51:221–227.
7. Davis BK, Wen H, Ting JP. The inflammasome NLRs in immunity, inflammation, and associated diseases. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2011;29:707–735.
8. Trovato Salinaro A, Pennisi M, Di Paola R et al. Neuroinflammation and neurohormesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer-linked pathologies: Modulation by nutritional mushrooms. Immun. Ageing 2018;15:8.
9. Fusco R, Gugliandolo E, Biundo F, Campolo M, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Inhibition of inflammasome activation improves lung acute injury induced by carrageenan in a mouse model of pleurisy. FASEB J. 2017;31:3497–3511.
10. Wang X, Wang W, Li L, Perry G, Lee HG, Zhu X. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2014;1842:1240–1247.
11. Venegas C, Kumar S, Franklin BS et al. Microglia-derived ASC specks cross-seed amyloid-beta in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 2017;552:355–361.
12. Ising C, Venegas C, Zhang S et al. NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives tau pathology. Nature 2019;575:669–673.
13. Stancu IC, Cremers N, Vanrusselt H et al. Aggregated Tau activates NLRP3-ASC inflammasome exacerbating exogenously seeded and non-exogenously seeded Tau pathology in vivo. Acta Neuropathol. 2019;137:599–617.
14. Reddy PH, Manczak M, Mao P, Calkins MJ, Reddy AP, Shirendeb U. Amyloid-beta and mitochondria in aging and Alzheimer’s disease: Implications for synaptic damage and cognitive decline. J. Alzheimer’s Dis. 2010;20(Suppl S2):S499–S512.
15. Zhao J, O’Connor T, Vassar R. The contribution of activated astrocytes to Abeta production: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. J. Neuroinflamm. 2011;8:150.
16. Liang B, Guo Z, Zhao A. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus in experimental diabetic rats. Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013;13:253. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/13/253
17. Trovato A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R et al. (2016). Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Hericium erinaceus in rat brain: relevance to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Immun. Ageing 2016;13:23. doi: 10.1186/s12979-016-0078-8.
18. D’Amico R, Trovato A, Fusco R et al. Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor modulate molecular and biochemical changes after traumatic brain injury. Antioxidants 2021;10:898. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060898
19. Cordaro M, Trovato A, Siracusa R et al. Key mechanisms and potential implications of Hericium erinaceus in NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reactive oxygen species during Alzheimer’s disease. Antioxidants 2021;10:1664. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111664
20. Ali AA, Ahmed HI, Abu-Elfotuh K. Modeling stages mimic Alzheimer’s disease induced by different doses of aluminium in rats: Focus on progression of the disease in response to time. J. Alzheimer’s Dis, Parkinsonism 2016;1:1-11.
21. Limon-Pacheco J, Gonsebatt ME. The role of antioxidants and antioxidant-related enzymes in protective responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress. Mutat. Res. 2009;674:137–147.
22. Di Paola R, Fusco R, Gugliandolo E et al. The antioxidant activity of pistachios reduces cardiac tissue injury of acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Front. Pharm. 2018;9:51.
23. Fusco R, Siracusa R, D’Amico, R et al. Melatonin plus folic acid treatment ameliorates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia: An evaluation of pain, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Antioxidants 2019;8:628.
24. Peritore AF, Siracusa R, Fusco R et al. Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide and paracetamol, a new association to relieve hyperalgesia and pain in a sciatic nerve injury model in rat. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21:3509.
25. Fusco R, Cordaro M, Siracusa R et al. Biochemical evaluation of the antioxidant effects of hydroxytyrosol on pancreatitis-associated gut injury. Antioxidants 2020;9:781.
26. Travelli C, Aprile S, Rahimian R et al. Identification of novel triazole-based nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors endowed with antiproliferative and antiinflammatory activity. J. Med. Chem. 2017;60:1768–1792.
27. Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D et al. Safety and efficacy of a new micronized formulation of the ALIAmide palmitoylglucosamine in preclinical models of inflammation and osteoarthritis pain. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2019;21:254.
28. Di Paola R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D et al. Adelmidrol, in combination with hyaluronic acid, displays increased anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects against monosodium iodoacetateinduced osteoarthritis in rats. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2016;18:291.
29. Fusco R, Cordaro M, Genovese T et al. Adelmidrol: A new promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic tool in pulmonary fibrosis. Antioxidants 2020;9:601.
30. Fusco R, Gugliandolo E, Campolo M, Evangelista M, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of a new formulation of micronized and ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine in a tibia fracture mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome. PLoS ONE 2017;12:e0178553.
31. Fusco R, Gugliandolo E, Siracusa R et al. Formyl peptide receptor 1 signalling in acute inflammation and neural differentiation induced by traumatic brain injury. Biology 2020;9:238.

Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation. Antioxidants, 2021; 11 (1): 50 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010050.

Deficient synthesis of glutathione underlies oxidative stress in aging and can be corrected by dietary cysteine and glycine supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2011, Sep; 94 (3): 847-53. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3155927.

GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation in Mice Increases Length of Life by Correcting Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Abnormalities in Mitophagy and Nutrient Sensing, and Genomic Damage. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051114.

GlyNAC Supplementation Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Aging Hallmarks, Metabolic Defects, Muscle Strength, Cognitive Decline, and Body Composition: Implications for Healthy Aging  Journal of Nutrition 2021, Dec, 151, 12: 3606–16: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab309.

Molecular Interactions of Tannic Acid with Proteins Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2022; 23 (5): 2643.  DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052643.

RESEARCH
Ketogenic diet and chemotherapy combine to disrupt pancreatic cancer metabolism and growth. Med 2022; 3 (2): 119. DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.12.008.
A comparison over 2 decades of disability-free life expectancy at age 65 years for those with long-term conditions in England: Analysis of the 2 longitudinal Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies. PLOS Medicine 2022, 19 (3): e1003936. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003936.
Impact of Alpha-linolenic Acid, the Vegetable Omega-3 Fatty Acid, on Cardiovascular Disease and Cognition. Advances in Nutrition 2022. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac016.
Clonal Deletion Prunes but Does Not Eliminate Self-Specific αβ CD8(+) T Lymphocytes. Immunity 2015, 42(5), 929–41: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.001.
Opposing T cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nature 2019, 572, 481–7): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1467-x.
KIR+CD8+ T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. Science 2022, Mar 8: eabi9591. Epub ahead of print: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi9591.
Reverse re-modelling chronic heart failure by reinstating heart rate variability. Basic Research in Cardiology 2022; 117 (1). DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00911-0.
Daily consumption of cranberry improves endothelial function in healthy adults: a double blind randomized controlled trial. Food & Function 2022. DOI: 10.1039/D2FO00080F.
Preserved stem cell content and innervation profile of elderly human skeletal muscle with lifelong recreational exercise. Journal of Physiology 2022. DOI: 10.1113/JP282677.
Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for prevention of cardiovascular disease events: The COSMOS randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2022. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac055.
Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease: The COSMOS randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2022. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac056.

Long COVID news extra
Quantitative Chest CT Assessment of Small Airways Disease in Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Radiology 2022. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.212170.
What Are the Long-term Pulmonary Sequelae of COVID-19 Infection? Radiology 2022. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220449.
Mild COVID-19 imprints a long-term inflammatory eicosanoid- and chemokine memory in monocyte-derived macrophages. Mucosal Immunology 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00482-8.
Exercise as a Moderator of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms of COVID-19. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 2022, Publish Ahead of Print. DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000284.

Hannah Braye:

1. FMCG Gurus Report. FMCG Gurus. FMCG Gurus Report (2021).
2. NHS Health Scotland. Low mood and depression | NHS inform. NHS (2021). Available at: https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/mental-wellbeing/low-mood-and-depression/low-mood-and-depression.
3. Context | Depression in adults: recognition and management | Guidance | NICE. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2009).
4. McManus, S., Bebbington, P., Jenkins, R. & Brugha T. Adult Psychiatric Morbidity in England – 2007, Results of a household survey – NHS Digital. (2014). Available at: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/adult-psychiatric-morbidity-survey/adult-psychiatric-morbidity-in-england-2007-results-of-a-household-survey. (Accessed: 10th March 2022)
5. [ARCHIVED CONTENT] Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey: Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, England, 2014 – NHS Digital. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20180328140249/http://digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB21748. (Accessed: 10th March 2022)
6. WHO. Depression.
7. Malhi, G. S. & Mann, J. J. Depression. Lancet 392, 2299–2312 (2018).
8. Karin, O. et al. A new model for the HPA axis explains dysregulation of stress hormones on the timescale of weeks. Mol. Syst. Biol. 16, (2020).
9. Horchar, M. J. & Wohleb, E. S. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism prevents microglia-mediated neuronal remodeling and behavioral despair following chronic unpredictable stress. Brain. Behav. Immun. 81, 329–340 (2019).
10. Reale, M. et al. Network between Cytokines , Cortisol and Occupational Stress in Gas and Oilfield Workers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 1118 (2020).
11. Koelsch, S. et al. The impact of acute stress on hormones and cytokines, and how their recovery is affected by music-evoked positive mood. Sci. Rep. 6, 1–11 (2016).
12. Wang, X. et al. Dysregulation of the gut-brain-skin axis and key overlapping inflammatory and immune mechanisms of psoriasis and depression. Biomed. Pharmacother. 137, 111065 (2021).
13. Shattuck, E. C. & Muehlenbein, M. P. Towards an integrative picture of human sickness behavior. Brain. Behav. Immun. 57, 255–262 (2016).
14. Suneson, K., Lindahl, J., Chamli Hårsmar, S., Söderberg, G. & Lindqvist, D. Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 1640 (2021).
15. Cryan, J. F. et al. The microbiota-gut-brain axis. Physiol. Rev. 99, 1877–2013 (2019).
16. Scriven, M., Dinan, T. G., Cryan, J. F. & Wall, M. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Influence of Gut Microbe to Brain Signalling. Dis. (Basel, Switzerland) 6, (2018).
17. Kikuchi, A. M., Tanabe, A. & Iwahori, Y. A systematic review of the effect of L-tryptophan supplementation on mood and emotional functioning. J. Diet. Suppl. (2020). doi:10.1080/19390211.2020.1746725
18. Waclawiková, B. & El Aidy, S. Role of microbiota and tryptophan metabolites in the remote effect of intestinal inflammation on brain and depression. Pharmaceuticals 11, (2018).
19. Arnone, D. et al. Role of Kynurenine pathway and its metabolites in mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 92, 477–485 (2018).
20. Vodička, M. et al. Microbiota affects the expression of genes involved in HPA axis regulation and local metabolism of glucocorticoids in chronic psychosocial stress. Brain. Behav. Immun. 73, 615–624 (2018).
21. Bonaz, B., Bazin, T. & Pellissier, S. The Vagus Nerve at the Interface of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front. Neurosci. 12, 49 (2018).
22. Zhang, Q. E. et al. Depressive symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A meta-analysis of comparative studies. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 14, 1504–1512 (2018).
23. Safadi, J. M., Quinton, A. M. G., Lennox, B. R., Burnet, P. W. J. & Minichino, A. Gut dysbiosis in severe mental illness and chronic fatigue: a novel trans-diagnostic construct? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol. Psychiatry 1–13 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01032-1
24. Scheri, G. C. et al. Modulation of tryptophan/serotonin pathway by probiotic supplementation in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: Preliminary results of a new study approach. Int. J. Tryptophan Res. 10, (2017).
25. Messaoudi, M. et al. Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects. Br. J. Nutr. 105, 755–764 (2011).
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Lissa Leader:

1. Santoro, N., Epperson, CN., & Mathews, SB. (2015). ‘Menopausal Symptoms and Their Management’. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 44(3), 497–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2015.05.001
2. Vieira, AT et al. (2017). ‘Influence of Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Health of Menopausal Women’. Frontiers in Microbiology, 28 September 2017 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01884
3. Baker, JM et al. (2017). ‘Estrogen–gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications’. Maturitas, Volume 103, P45-53, September 01. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.06.025
4. Zhao,H et al. (2019). ‘Compositional and functional features of the female premenopausal and postmenopausal gut microbiota’. FEBS Letters, Volume 593, Issue 18, P2655-2664. https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13527
5. Xu, C., Zhu, H. & Qiu, P.(2019). ‘Aging progression of human gut microbiota’. BMC Microbiol 19, 236 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1616-2
6. Saraswati, S., & Sitaraman, R. (2015). ‘Aging and the human gut microbiota-from correlation to causality’. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, 764. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00764
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Graeme Jones:

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EDITORIAL
Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 May 24;5(5):CD015043, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015043. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34029377.

NEWS

Mucosal fungi promote gut barrier function and social behaviour via Type 17 immunity. Cell 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.017.

Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections? Br Dent J 2020, 228, 971–975: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1747-8.

Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2022, 376 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-066452.

Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2022: https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-066452.

Disrupted Peyer’s Patch Microanatomy in COVID-19 Including Germinal Centre Atrophy Independent of Local Virus. Frontiers in Immunology, 2022; 13 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838328.

Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Psychiatry 2019, Published Online 21 May: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101191.

Clinical significance of micronutrient supplements in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.033.

Zinc, Vitamin D and Vitamin C: Perspectives for COVID-19 With a Focus on Physical Tissue Barrier Integrity. Front Nutr 2020, Dec: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.606398.

Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness. PLOS ONE, 2022; 17 (2): e0263069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263069.

Echinacea as a Potential Force against Coronavirus Infections? A Mini-Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults and Children. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020211.
Echinacea purpurea for the Long-term Prevention of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized, Open, Controlled, Exploratory Clinical Study. medRxiv 2021,12.10.21267582; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.10.21267582. (Pre-print before peer-review.)

NEWS extra (page 54)
Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nature Medicine 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3.
Risk of persistent and new clinical sequelae among adults aged 65 years and older during the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2022, 376, e068414; doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-068414 (published 09 February).
Investigating phenotypes of pulmonary COVID-19 recovery – a longitudinal observational prospective multicenter trial. eLife, 2022; 11 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.72500.

EBV – Rose Holmes

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Extras
Ebola virus persistence and disease recrudescence in the brains of antibody-treated nonhuman primate survivors. Science Translational Medicine 2022; 14 (631) DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi5229.
1. The Association of Low Vitamin K Status with Mortality in a Cohort of 138 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Nutrients 2021, Jun 9;13(6):1985. doi: 10.3390/nu13061985.
2. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04770740?term=vitamin+k2&cond=COVID&draw=2&rank=1

3. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04780061?term=vitamin+k2&cond=COVID&draw=2&rank=2
4. http://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=45075

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Superfoods: Recent Data on their Role in the Prevention of Diseases. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci 2018, DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.6.3.02.

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37. Wilson C., Soltani N., Tardif F., Swanton C., Sikkema P. Control of volunteercereals with post-emergence herbicides in maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Prot. 2010;29(1):1389-1395.
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Dr MALCOLM KENDRICK

1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_junction

2: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836485/

3: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197121500106X 4: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021915099004797

4. The role of plaque rupture and thrombosis in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2000, Apr;149(2):251-66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10729375.

BONES and JOINTS

Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate: Is There Any Scientific Evidence for Their Effectiveness as Disease-Modifying Drugs in Knee Osteoarthritis Preclinical Studies?-A Systematic Review from 2000 to 2021. Animals (Basel) 2021, May 29;11(6):1608, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34072407.
gp130/STAT3 signaling is required for homeostatic proliferation and anabolism in postnatal growth plate and articular chondrocytes. Communications Biology, 2022; 5 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02944-y.
Fat Mass Has Negative Effects on Bone, Especially in Men: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.  Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2022, Feb 10, online ahead of print: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac040.
The Role of Prunes in Modulating Inflammatory Pathways to Improve Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women. Adv Nutr 2022 Jan 3:nmab162. Epub ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab162.

K2
1. Buitenhuis HC et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990;1034:170-175.
2. Knapen MH et al. Osteoporos Int. 2013 Sep;24(9):2499-507.
3. Knapen MH et al. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2015; 19;113(5).
4. Marjo H. J. et al. J Nutr Sci. 2015; 4: e35. Published online 2015 Oct 16.
5. Cummings SR et al. Lancet.1993 Jan 9;341(8837):72–5.
6. Shea MK et al. J Nutr. 2011 Aug;141(8):1529-34.
7. Theuwissen E et al. Food & Function 2014, The Royal Society of Chemistry.
8. van Summeren MJH et al. Br J Nutr. 2009; 102(8):1171-8.
9. Proper Calcium Use: Vitamin K₂ as a Promoter of Bone and Cardiovascular Health. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2015, Feb; 14(1): 34–39: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4566462.

RESEARCH update

Tryptophan-derived microbial metabolites activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in tumor-associated macrophages to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Immunity, 2022; 55 (2): 324 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.006.

Effect and Tolerability of a Nutritional Supplement Based on a Synergistic Combination of β-Glucans and Selenium- and Zinc-Enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ABB C1^®) in Volunteers Receiving the Influenza or the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4347; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124347. Open Access.

Caloric restriction in humans reveals immunometabolic regulators of health span. Science 2022, 10 Feb, 375 (6581), 671-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.abg7292.

WELCOME
From about late March/early April… https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d.
“Strong new evidence suggests a virus triggers multiple sclerosis”, by Megan Molteni, Jan 13: https://www.statnews.com/2022/01/13/strong-new-evidence-suggests-virus-triggers-multiple-sclerosis.  

Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19). Front. Immunol 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01451.
Quercetin-induced apoptosis prevents EBV infection. Oncotarget 2015, 6(14):12603-24, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26059439.   

NEWS
Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis. Science 2022, Jan 13, 375 (6578), 296-301: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj8222.

Increased Serological Response Against Human Herpesvirus 6A Is Associated With Risk for Multiple Sclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology 2019,10. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02715.

Vitamin D, Epstein-Barr virus, and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis – facts and hypotheses. J Integr Neurosci 2021, Mar 30;20(1):233-238: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33834708.

An investigation into the Effects of Intravenous Vitamin C on Pulmonary CT Findings and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID 19 Pneumonia A Randomized Clinical Trial. Urol J  2021, Nov 8; 6863. https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/urolj/index.php/uj/article/view/6863. 

Effect of high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation vs usual care on symptom length and reduction among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: The COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. 2021, 4, e210369. 134: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2776305.

Vitamin C may increase the recovery rate of outpatient cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 70%: Reanalysis of the COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial. Front. Immunol. 2021, 12, 674681: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.674681/full.
Bias against Vitamin C in Mainstream Medicine: Examples from Trials of Vitamin C for Infections. Life (Basel) 2022, Jan 3;12(1):62. DOI: 10.3390/life12010062.

“Covid-19: FDA expert panel recommends authorising molnupiravir but also voices concerns”. BMJ 2021, 375, doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2984 (Published 02 December 2021).

Ovalbumin production using Trichoderma reesei culture and low-carbon energy could mitigate the environmental impacts of chicken-egg-derived ovalbumin. Nat Food 2021, 2, 1005–1013: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00418-2.

Nutritional reprogramming of mouse liver proteome is dampened by metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin. Cell Metabolism 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.016.

Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Public Health 2022, Jan 6: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(21)00249-8/fulltext.

Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication through induction of the host ER stress and innate immune responses. Science Advances 2022, Jan 20, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi6110.

Long COVID
Role of proteolytic enzymes in the COVID-19 infection and promising therapeutic approaches. Biochem Pharmacol 2020, Dec;182:114225. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7501082.

Bromelain inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection via targeting ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and spike protein. Clin Transl Med 2021, Feb;11(2): e281. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7811777.

An Analysis Based on Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Bromelain as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Front Pharmacol 2021, Aug 20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.717757.

Bromelain Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in VeroE6 Cells. bioRxiv 2020, posted as preprint Sept 16. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.16.297366.

The combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) synergistically inactivates SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2020, 09.07.286906. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.286906.

Rapid vigilance and episodic memory decrements in COVID-19 survivors. Brain Communications 2022, 4:1, fcab295: https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab295.

Multiple Early Factors Anticipate Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae. Pre-print of study accepted by Cell 2022, Jan 19. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014.

Frequency of Adverse Events in the Placebo Arms of COVID-19 Vaccine Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5(1):e2143955. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2788172.

Joe Rogan interview with Dr Robert Malone – transcript here:
https://d12t4t5x3vyizu.cloudfront.net/nehls.house.gov/uploads/2022/01/JRE-Rogan-Malone-Transcript.pdf 

LUSTIG
Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time? 2019. American Economic Review 2019,  109(8), 2889-2920 https://www.nber.org/papers/w21788.
Ultra-processed food targets bone quality via endochondral ossification. Bone Res 2021, 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-020-00127-9.
“Sweetgreen CEO criticized after connecting the pandemic to unhealthy eating: ‘Incredibly fat-phobic’”: https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/09/02/sweetgreen-ceo-jonathan-neman-covid. Sept 2, 2021.
Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2018, doi: 10.1089/met.2018.0105.
Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2011-2016. JAMA 2020, 323(24):2526-2528, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4501.

LEARNING ZONE

Mike Ash
1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases

2. Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13: 1057-1098.

“Omicron is not globally endemic right now…” https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/covid-19-coronavirus-infographic-datapack/?mc_cid=00f56bea52.

“Dysbiosis appears to be a significant contributory factor in the severity of COVID infection…”Gut Reactions: Microbes in the Digestive Tract Influence COVID Severity: https://www.nature.com/articles/d42859-021-00053-8.

3. Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Gut 2021 Apr;70(4):698-706.
4. Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021, 12: 635471: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.635471/full.

   5. https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/635471/fimmu-12-635471-HTML-r1/image_m/fimmu-12-635471-t001.jpg.

5. Daily Lactobacillus Probiotic versus Placebo in COVID-19-Exposed Household Contacts (PROTECT-EHC): A Randomized Clinical Trial. medRxiv 2022: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.21268275.
6. The Influence of a blend of Probiotic Lactobacillus and Prebiotic Inulin on the Duration and Severity of Symptoms among Individuals with Covid-19. Infect Dis Diag Treat 2021, 5: 182. DOI 10.29011/2577-1515.100182.
7. Impact of antibiotics on the human microbiome and consequences for host health. MicrobiologyOpen 2022, 11, e1260: https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1260.
8. Vitamin D and COVID-19: evidence and recommendations for supplementation. R. Soc. Open Sci 2022: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.201912.
9. Effects of Vitamin D and K on Interleukin-6 in COVID-19. Front. Nutr 2022, Jan 17, 8:761191: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.761191/full.
10. Vitamin A: The key to a tolerant immune system? Clinical Education 2010: https://www.clinicaleducation.org/resources/reviews/vitamin-a-the-key-to-a-tolerant-immune-system/
11. Fundamentals of Membrane Lipid Replacement: A Natural Medicine Approach to Repairing Cellular Membranes and Reducing Fatigue, Pain, and Other Symptoms While Restoring Function in Chronic Illnesses and Aging. Membranes 2021, Membranes (Basel) 2021, Dec, 11(12), 944: doi: 10.3390/membranes11120944.

RESEARCH UPDATE
Effect of Urolithin A Supplementation on Muscle Endurance and Mitochondrial Health in Older Adults. JAMA Network Open, 2022; 5 (1): e2144279 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.44279.

Interplay of Dinner Timing and MTNR1B Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Diabetes Care 2022. DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1314.

Abundance or stress? Faunal exploitation patterns and subsistence strategies: The case study of Brush Hut 1 at Ohalo II, a submerged 23,000-year-old camp in the Sea of Galilee, Israel. PLOS ONE 2022. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262434.

Population-Based Penetrance of Deleterious Clinical Variants. JAMA 2022; 327 (4): 350. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.23686.

Perceived Physical Fatigability Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults. Journal of Gerontology: Series A 2021. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab374.

Late‐life exercise mitigates skeletal muscle epigenetic aging. Aging Cell 2021; 21 (1) DOI: 10.1111/acel.13527.

Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2022, Jan 26, 376 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-066452.

IN PRACTICE
Twelve‐year sarcopenia trajectories in older adults: results from a population‐based study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 2021; DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12875.

Effect of a Home-Based Exercise Program on Subsequent Falls Among Community-Dwelling High-Risk Older Adults After a Fall: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 321(21): 2092–2100, doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5795.

WELCOME

Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms. Front. Microbiol 2021: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.698169.

NEWS

Diet-induced alteration of intestinal stem cell function underlies obesity and prediabetes in mice. Nature Metabolism, 2021; 3 (9): 1202 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00458-9.
Probiotics Improve Gastrointestinal Function and Life Quality in Pregnancy. Nutrients, 2021; 13 (11): 3931 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113931.
Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation. Pathogens 2021, Jun 17;10(6):763. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060763.
Positive Epstein-Barr virus detection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):10902, May 25. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90351-y.
Sequelae in Adults at 6 Months After COVID-19 Infection. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e210830: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2776560.
Persistent dyspnea 1 year after COVID-19 infection in apparently healthy subjects: a potential indicator of subclinical cardiac dysfunction was presented during EuroEcho 2021: https://digital-congress.escardio.org/euroecho/sessions/3489-more-insights-from-imaging-into-outcome-after-covid-19-infection.
Cardiac involvement in consecutive unselected hospitalized COVID-19 population: In-hospital evaluation and one-year follow-up. Int J Cardiol. 2021;339:235–242.
Persistent symptoms and lab abnormalities in patients who recovered from COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021;11:12775.
SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Engineered Heart Tissues and Models COVID-19 Myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol Basic Trans Science. 2021 Apr, 6 (4) 331–345. https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.002.
Metabolic disorders, COVID-19 and vaccine-breakthrough infections. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00608-9.
COVID-19 Post-Acute Sequelae Among Adults: 12 Month Mortality Risk. Front Med 2021 December: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.778434.
Metabolites with SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitory Activity Identified from Human Microbiome Commensals. mSphere 2021, Dec 1: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00711-21.

Magryta
Chronic Hyperglycemia Drives Functional Impairment of Lymphocytes in Diabetic INS^C94Y Transgenic Pigs. Front. Immunol 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.607473.
Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16(5):442-449. doi: 10.2174/1573399815666191024085838.
Dietary influences on intestinal immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012 Oct;12(10):696-708. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23007570.

IBS

1. Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management | Guidance and guidelines | NICE.
2. Arzani M, Jahromi SR, Ghorbani Z, et al. Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: A comprehensive review. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1). doi:10.1186/s10194-020-1078-9
3. Drossman DA. Functional gastrointestinal disorders: History, pathophysiology, clinical features, and Rome IV. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6). doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.032
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5. Young VB. The role of the microbiome in human health and disease: An introduction for clinicians. BMJ. 2017;356. doi:10.1136/bmj.j831
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7. Mari A, Abu Baker F, Mahamid M, Sbeit W, Khoury T. The Evolving Role of Gut Microbiota in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Overview of the Current Knowledge. J Clin Med. 2020;9(3). doi:10.3390/jcm9030685
8. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 2010;464(7285):59-65. doi:10.1038/nature08821
9. Weiss GA, Hennet T. Mechanisms and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017;74(16). doi:10.1007/s00018-017-2509-x
10. Mendall MA, Kumar D. Antibiotic use, childhood affluence and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;10(1):59-62.
11. Zhernakova A, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ, et al. Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science (80- ). 2016;352(6285):565-569. doi:10.1126/science.aad3369
12. Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G. Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder? World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(39):14105-14125. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14105
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14. Wang L, Alammar N, Singh R, et al. Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020;120(4). doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.015
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16. Tejero-Sariñena S, Barlow J, Costabile A, Gibson GR, Rowland I. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a range of probiotics against pathogens: Evidence for the effects of organic acids. Anaerobe. 2012;18(5):530-538. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.08.004
17. Simon E, Călinoiu LF, Mitrea L, Vodnar DC. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: Implications and beneficial effects against irritable bowel syndrome. Nutrients. 2021;13(6). doi:10.3390/nu13062112
18. Klein A, Friedrich U, Vogelsang H, Jahreis G. Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis DGCC 420 modulate unspecific cellular immune response in healthy adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(5):584-593. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602761
19. Dogi CA, Weill F, Perdigón G. Immune response of non-pathogenic Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria in inductive sites of the intestinal mucosa. Study of the pathway of signaling involved. Immunobiology. 2010;215(1):60-69. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2009.01.005
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Two microbiota subtypes identified in irritable bowel syndrome with distinct responses to the low FODMAP diet. Gut Published Online First: 22 November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325177.
(Lee et al quoted: Characteristics of fecal metabolic profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea investigated using ¹ H-NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020;32:e13830. doi:10.1111/nmo.13830.
Association between Brachyspira and irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. Gut, 2020; gutjnl-2020-321466 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321466.
The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2017, DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00087-17.

RESEARCH
Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19 Mortality: A Patient-Level Analysis from New York City. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021, Dec 9. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202104-0845OC.
Adverse Events and Labeling Issues Related to Suspected Sesame Allergy Reported in an Online Survey. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021, Dec 6;S1081-1206(21)01303-X: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883240.
Combining stretching and gallic acid to decrease inflammation indices and promote extracellular matrix production in osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res. 2021 Nov 15;408(2):112841. DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112841.
Epithelial cells remove precancerous cells by cell competition via MHC class I–LILRB3 interaction. Nature Immunology 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01045-6.
Personal care products: Demographic characteristics and maternal hormones in pregnant women from Puerto Rico. Environmental Research, 2021; 112376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112376.
Structural basis of DegP protease temperature-dependent activation. Science Advances, 2021; 7 (50) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1816.
A hormone complex of FABP4 and nucleoside kinases regulates islet function. Nature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04137-3.

NEWS 
Diet and food type affect urinary pesticide residue excretion profiles in healthy individuals: results of a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021; nqab308. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab308

Pre-existing polymerase-specific T cells expand in abortive seronegative SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2021, 599, 543: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03110-4.

The active grandparent hypothesis: Physical activity and the evolution of extended human healthspans and lifespans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021; 118 (50): e2107621118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107621118.

The role of plant-based alternative foods in sustainable and healthy food systems: Consumption trends in the UK. Science of The Total Environment, 2021; 151041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151041

Randomized controlled-feeding study of dietary emulsifier carboxymethylcellulose reveals detrimental impacts on the gut microbiota and metabolome. Gastroenterology, 2021; DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.006.

Weeklong improved colour contrasts sensitivity after single 670 nm exposures associated with enhanced mitochondrial function. Scientific Reports, 2021; 11 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02311-1.

Peripheral microcirculatory alterations are associated with the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients admitted to intermediate respiratory and intensive care units. Critical Care, 2021; 25 (1) DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03803-2.

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7. Elgar K. Magnesium: A Review of Clinical Use and Efficacy. Nutr Med J. 2021 Dec; 1 (1): XXX
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11. Heizer WD, Sandler RS, Seal E, et al. Intestinal effects of sulfate in drinking water on normal human subjects. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42(5):1055–106
12. Naumann J, Sadaghiani C, Alt F, et al. Effects of Sulfate-Rich Mineral Water on Functional Constipation: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Forsch Komplementmed. 2016;23(6):356-363.
13. Bothe G, Coh A, Auinger A. Efficacy and safety of a natural mineral water rich in magnesium and sulphate for bowel function: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Nutr. 2017 Mar;56(2):491-499.

BOX:
Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology 2021; 160 (1) 99-114 e3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32294476/

MITOCHONDRIA

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WELCOME

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/water-fluoridation-statement-from-the-uk-chief-medical-officers/statement-on-water-fluoridation-from-the-uk-chief-medical-officers.
Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Patients With Resistant Hypertension: Results of the TRIUMPH Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation 2021, 144:1212–26, Sept 27. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055329.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/half-of-u-s-adults-have-high-blood-pressure-under-new-guidelines.

NEWS
Dental biofilm of symptomatic COVID-19 patients harbours SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Periodontol 2021 Jul;48(7):880-885. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13471.
Scrubbing Wipes to Dislodge Dental Biofilm Can Remove and Inactivate Viruses from Tooth Surface: Perspectives for Covid-19 Prevention. Biomedical J Scientific Technical Res 2021, July 28.
Mucosal Biofilms Are an Endoscopic Feature of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 2021, Oct;161(4):1245-1256.e20. Open Access. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.024.
Evidence of transmission from fully vaccinated individuals in a large outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Provincetown, Massachusetts. medRxiv 2021.10.20.21265137. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.21265137v1.
Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Patients With Resistant Hypertension: Results of the TRIUMPH Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation 2021, 144:1212–26, Sept 27. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055329.
Lactoferrin reduces the risk of respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Oct;45:26-32.  DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.019.
Aspirin Use is Associated with Decreased Mechanical Ventilation, ICU Admission, and In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2020; Published Ahead of Print DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005292.
The use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 infection. FEBS J 2021, 288: 5179-5189. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15784.

BEN BROWN – Atopic dermatitis

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106. Rosenfeldt V, Benfeldt E, Valerius NH, Paerregaard A, Michaelsen KF. Effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and small intestinal permeability in children with atopic dermatitis. J Pediatr. 2004 Nov;145(5):612-6
107. Singer S, Koenekoop J, Meddings J, Powell J, Desroches A, Seidman EG. Pancreatic Enzyme Supplementation in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergies: An Open-Label Pilot Study. Paediatr Drugs. 2019 Feb;21(1):41-45. doi: 10.1007/s40272-018-0321-1. PMID: 30556101.
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110. Evangelista MT, Abad-Casintahan F, Lopez-Villafuerte L. The effect of topical  virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Int J Dermatol. 2014 Jan;53(1):100-8.
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GUT research update

Ruminiclostridium 5, Parabacteroides distasonis, and bile acid profile are modulated by prebiotic diet and associate with facilitated sleep/clock realignment after chronic disruption of rhythms. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2021, 97: 150. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.006.
T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase protects intestinal barrier function by restricting epithelial tight junction remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021 Sep 1;131(17):e138230. DOI: 10.1172/JCI138230.
Aberrant gut-microbiota-immune-brain axis development in premature neonates with brain damage. Cell Host & Microbe, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.08.004.
Genomic and functional characterization of a mucosal symbiont involved in early-stage colorectal cancer. Cell Host & Microbe 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.08.013.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Protects against Antibiotic-Induced Functional and Compositional Changes in Human Fecal Microbiome. Nutrients 2021; 13 (8): 2814 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082814.
Acetate enhances IgA. Nat Immunol 2021, 22, 1071. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01015-y.
Acetate differentially regulates IgA reactivity to commensal bacteria. Nature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03727-5.
Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes. Nat Immunol 2017, May;18(5):552-562, doi: 10.1038/ni.3713.
Metabolite-based dietary supplementation in human type 1 diabetes is associated with microbiota and immune modulation. medRxiv 2021,.09.15.21263059; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.15.21263059.
Bioaccumulation of therapeutic drugs by human gut bacteria. Nature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03891-8.

LYME and BIOFILMS – Dr Marina Macdonald

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[49] Mouneshkumar Chappi D, et al. Comparison of clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone and serratiopeptidase for reduction of postoperative sequelae after lower third molar surgery. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015 Apr;7(2):e197.

[50] Tiwari M. The role of serratiopeptidase in the resolution of inflammation. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2017 May 1;12(3):209-15.

[51] Garg R, et al. A prospective comparative study of serratiopeptidase and aceclofenac in upper and lower limb soft tissue trauma cases. Int J Pharmacol Pharm Technol. 2012;1(2):11-6.

[52] Tamimi Z, et al. Efficacy of serratiopeptidase after impacted third molar surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2021 Dec;21(1):1-9.

[53] Jadav SP, et al. Comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of serratiopeptidase and diclofenac in albino rats. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2010 Jul;1(2):116.

[54] Ramirez T, et al. Inflammatory potential of monospecies biofilm matrix components. Int Endod J. 2019 Jul;52(7):1020-7.

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[56] Gan C, et al. Efficacy and safety of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 7;8(55):94920.

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[60] Shah D, Mital K. The role of trypsin: chymotrypsin in tissue repair. Adv Ther. 2018 Jan;35(1):31-42.

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[63] Chandanwale A, et al. A randomized, clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of trypsin: chymotrypsin as compared to serratiopeptidase and trypsin: bromelain: rutoside in wound management. Adv Ther. 2017 Jan 1;34(1):180-98.

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Boxes:

Bacterial Biofilm and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Disease. Antibiotics (Basel)  2020;9(2):59. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020059.
Effects of a Novel Probiotic Combination on Pathogenic Bacterial-Fungal Polymicrobial Biofilms. mBio 2019; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00338-19.
Bacteriome and Mycobiome Interactions Underscore Microbial Dysbiosis in Familial Crohn’s Disease. mBio 2016, 7 (5): https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/mbio.01250-16.

RESEARCH update

Dietary DHA prevents cognitive impairment and inflammatory gene expression in aged male rats fed a diet enriched with refined carbohydrates. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2021; 98: 198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.214.
An immunogenomic phenotype predicting behavioral treatment response: Toward precision psychiatry for mothers and children with trauma exposure. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2021, ISSN 0889-1591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.012.
Phthalates and attributable mortality: A population-based longitudinal cohort study and cost analysis. Environmental Pollution 2021, 118021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118021.

Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population. Circulation 2021, Sep 21;144(12):916-929. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055340.
Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioral deficits. Nature Aging, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00093-9.
Migraine improvement during short lasting ketogenesis: A proof-of-concept study. European Journal of Neurology 2014, 22. 10.1111/ene.12550.
Genetic Profile of Endotoxemia Reveals an Association With Thromboembolism and Stroke. Journal of the American Heart Association 2021; 0:e022482, Oct 20. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.022482.
Nitric oxide controls proliferation of Leishmania major by inhibiting the recruitment of permissive host cells. Immunity 2021, ISSN 1074-7613, online Oct 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.021.
The effect of nitric-oxide-related supplements on human performance. Sports Med. 2012 Feb 1;42(2):99-117. DOI: 10.2165/11596860-000000000-00000.
Possible Involvement of Adipose Tissue in Patients With Older Age, Obesity, and Diabetes With Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) via GRP78 (BIP/HSPA5): Significance of Hyperinsulinemia Management in COVID-19. Diabetes  2021 (Oct), db201094. https://doi.org/10.2337/db20-1094.
Cold exposure protects from neuroinflammation through immunologic reprogramming. Cell Metabolism 2021, October 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.002.
Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the innate immune response in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014, 111(20):7379-7384, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1322174111.
Efficacy and tolerability of the ketogenic diet and its variations for preventing migraine in adolescents and adults: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021 Oct 19: nuab080. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab080.

Lissa Leader:

1. Yousef, H., Alhajj, M., Sharma, S. ‘Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis’. [Updated 2020 Mar 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470464/
2. Salem, I., Ramser, A., Isham, N., and Ghannoum, MA (2018).’The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis’. Front. Microbiol. 9:1459. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01459
3. Murphrey, MB., Miao, JH., Zito, PM. ‘Histology, Stratum Corneum’. [Updated 2021 May 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513299/
4. West, H. C., & Bennett, C. L. (2018). ‘Redefining the Role of Langerhans Cells as Immune Regulators Within the Skin’. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 1941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01941
5. Wikramanayake, TC., Stojadinovic, O., and Marjana, TC (2014). ‘Epidermal Differentiation in Barrier Maintenance and Wound Healing’. Advances in Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014 Mar 1; 3(3): 272–280. doi: 10.1089/wound.2013.0503
6. Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. ‘The Human Skin Microbiome’. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157
7. Lee, SY., Lee, E., Park, YM., Hong, SJ. ‘Microbiome in the Gut-Skin Axis in Atopic Dermatitis’. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2018; 10(4): 354-362. doi:10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.354
8. Berger, A. ‘Th1 and Th2 Responses: What are They?’. BMJ. 2000; 321(7258): 424. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.424
9. Rendon, A., Schäkel, K., ‘Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment’. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(6): 1475. Published 2019 Mar 23. doi:10.3390/ijms20061475
10. Visser, MJE., Kell, DB., Pretorius, E., ‘Bacterial Dysbiosis and Translocation in Psoriasis Vulgaris’. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019; 9:7. Published 2019 Feb 4. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00007
11. Jäger, A., Kuchroo, VK. ‘Effector and Regulatory T-cell Subsets in Autoimmunity and Tissue Inflammation’. Scand J Immunol. 2010; 72(3): 173-184. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02432.x
12. Vaughn, AR., Notay, M., Clark, AK., Sivamani, RK. ‘Skin-Gut Axis: The Relationship Between Intestinal Bacteria and Skin Health’. World J Dermatol 2017; 6(4): 52-58 https://dx.doi.org/10.5314/wjd.v6.i4.52
13. Lambring, C. B., Siraj, S., Patel, K., Sankpal, U. T., Mathew, S., & Basha, R. (2019). ‘Impact of the Microbiome on the Immune System’. Critical reviews in immunology, 39(5), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2019033233
14. Ellis SR, Nguyen M, Vaughn AR, et al. ‘The Skin and Gut Microbiome and its Role in Common Dermatologic Conditions’. Microorganisms 2019; 7(11): 550. Published 2019 Nov 11. doi:10.3390/microorganisms7110550 

Adrienne Benjamin:

[1] https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210913-the-little-known-virus-that-surged-in-children-this-summer

2 Fonseca W, Lukacs NW & Ptaschinski C 2018. Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respriatory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome. Front Immunol (Feb 2018)

3 Lambert L et al 2014. Immunity to RSV in Early-Life. Front Immunol 5:466

4 Breton CV et al 2009. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure affects global and gene-specific DNA methylation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:462–7

5 Haberg SE et al 2009. Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and early childhood respiratory health. Arch Dis Child 94:180–4

6 Kristensen K et al (2015). Caesarean section and hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection: a population-based study. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2015) 34:145–8

7 Vissers M, de Groot R, & Ferwerda G (2014). Severe viral respiratory infections: are bugs bugging? Mucosal Immunol (2014) 7:227–38

8 Wiertsema SP 2021. The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies. Nut 13;886

9 Aagaard K et al 2014 The placenta harbors a unique microbiome. Sci Transl Med 6:237ra265

1⁰ Rautava S et al 2012 Microbial contact during pregnancy, intestinal colonization and human disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol Oct 9(10):565-76

^1[1] Ker J & Hartert TV 2009. The atopic march: what’s the evidence? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 103:282–9.

1² Allen SJ et al 2014 Probiotics in the prevention of eczema: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child 0:1-6

¹³ Kalliomäki M et al 2001. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 357: 1076-1079

^[1]4 Kim JY et al 2010 Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 21: e386-e393

[1]⁵ Enaud R et al 2020. The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00009

1⁶ Madan JC et al 2012. Serial analysis of the gut and respiratory microbiome in cystic fibrosis in infancy: interaction between intestinal and respiratory tracts and impact of nutritional exposures. MBio 3, e00251–12

1⁷ Gollwitzer ES et al 2014. Lung microbiota promotes tolerance to allergens in neonates via PD-L1. Nat. Med. 20, 642–647

18 Chiu L et al 2017. Protective microbiota: from localized to long-reaching co-immunity. Front. Immunol. 8:1678

[1]9 Ipci K et al 2017. The possible mechanisms of the human microbiome in allergic diseases. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 274, 617–626

20 Hauptmann M & Schaible UE 201). Linking microbiota and respiratory disease. FEBS Lett. 590, 3721–3738

21 Anand, S & Mande, SS 2018. Diet, microbiota and gut-lung connection. Front. Microbiol. 9:2147

22 De Filippo C et al 2010. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 14691–14696

23 Garaiova I 2021. Probiotics with vitamin C for the prevention of upper respiratory tract symptoms in children aged 3-10 years: randomised controlled trial. Ben Microbes DOI 10.3920/BM2020.0185 

Gayathri Neault:

1. Defining the Human Microbiome K Ursell, Jessica L Metcalf, Laura Wegener Parfrey, Rob Knight
2. Gut Bacteria and mind control: to fix your brain, fix your gut!                                                                                                                                Professor Simon Carding, Norwich Medical School
3. Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models Arianna K. DeGruttola, B.S., Daren Low, Ph.D.,  Atsushi Mizoguchi, M.D., Ph.D.,² and Emiko Mizoguchi, M.D., Ph.D.
4. Microbial syntrophy: interaction for the common good                                                                                                                     Brandon E. L. Morris, Ruth Henneberger, Harald Huber, Christine Moissl-Eichinger
5. From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites Ara Koh, Filipe De Vadder, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Fredrik Backhed
6. Role of Normal Gut Microbiota Sai Manasa Jandhyala, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Chivkula Subramanyam, Harish Vuyyuru, Mitnala Sasikala and D Nageshwar Reddy
7. Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health Kaitlyn Oliphant & Emma Allen-Vercoe
8. Dysfunction of the Intestinal Microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment Xochitl C Morgan, Timothy L Tickle, Harry Sokol, Dirk Gevers, Kathryn L Devaney, Doyle V Ward, Joshua A Reyes, Samir A Shah, Neal LeLeiko, Scott B Snapper, Athos Bousvaros, Joshua Korzenik, Bruce E Sands, Ramnik J Xavier, Curtis Huttenhower
9. Embracing the Gut Microbiota: the new frontier for inflammatory and infectious diseases                                                                           Lieke WJ van den Elsen,  Hazel C Poyntz,  Laura S Weyrich,  Wayne Young,  Elizabeth E Forbes-Blom
10. The Immune Response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease                                                                                Jeppe Madura Larsen
11. The Structure and Function of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota: Current Understanding and Future Directions                                                                                                                                                                                                     Arthur J Kastl Jr., Natalie A Terry, Gary D Wu, Lindsey G Albenberg
12. The Duodenal Microbiome is altered in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
13. Effects of Probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation Peera Hemarajata, James Versalovic

Samuel Peters:

Amaral, J. F., Foschetti, D. A., Assis, F. A., Menezes, J. S., Vaz, N. M., & Faria, A. M. C. (2006). Immunoglobulin production is impaired in protein-deprived mice and can be restored by dietary protein supplementation. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 39(12), 1581–1586. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2006005000045

Arsenescu, R., Bruno, M. E. C., Rogier, E. W., Stefka, A. T., McMahan, A. E., Wright, T. B., … & Kaetzel, C. S. (2008). Signature biomarkers in Crohn’s disease: toward a molecular classification. Mucosal immunology, 1(5), 399-411.

Jeong, S. C., Koyyalamudi, S. R., & Pang, G. (2012). Dietary intake of Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom accelerates salivary immunoglobulin A secretion in healthy volunteers. Nutrition, 28(5), 527-531.

Li, Y., Jin, L., & Chen, T. (2020). The Effects of Secretory IgA in the Mucosal Immune System. BioMed Research International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2032057

Lima, M. S., Ribeiro, P. P., Medeiros, J. M., Silva, I. F., Medeiros, A. C., & Dimenstein, R. (2012). Influence of postpartum supplementation with vitamin A on the levels of immunoglobulin A in human colostrum. Jornal de pediatria, 88(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.2223/JPED.2162

Mantis, N. J., Rol, N., & Corthésy, B. (2011). Secretory IgA’s Complex Roles in Immunity and Mucosal Homeostasis in the Gut. Mucosal Immunology, 4(6), 603. https://doi.org/10.1038/MI.2011.41

Pabst, O., & Slack, E. (2019). IgA and the intestinal microbiota: the importance of being specific. Mucosal Immunology 2019 13:1, 13(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-019-0227-4

Palma, M. L., Zamith-Miranda, D., Martins, F. S., Bozza, F. A., Nimrichter, L., Montero-Lomeli, M., … & Douradinha, B. (2015). Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: is there room for improvement?. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 99(16), 6563-6570.

Phillips, L. K., & Horowitz, M. (2006). Stressful life events are associated with low secretion rates of immunoglobulin A in saliva in the middle aged and elderly. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 20(2), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBI.2005.06.006

Pritchard, B. T., Stanton, W., Lord, R., Petocz, P., & Pepping, G.-J. (2017). Factors Affecting Measurement of Salivary Cortisol and Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Field Studies of Athletes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 0(JUL), 168. https://doi.org/10.3389/FENDO.2017.00168

Ren, W., Wang, K., Yin, J., Chen, S., Liu, G., Tan, B., … Yin, Y. (2016). Glutamine-Induced Secretion of Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A: A Mechanistic Perspective. Frontiers in Immunology, 7(NOV), 503. https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2016.00503

Sirisinha, S. (2015). The pleiotropic role of vitamin A in regulating mucosal immunity. Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology, 33(2).

Sirisinha, S., Suskind, R., Edelman, L. R., Asvapaka, C., & Olson, R. E. (1975). Secretory and serum IgA in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. Pediatrics, 55(2), 166-170.

• Dr Peter Koeppel
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Intensive Care Med. Exp. 2020; 8, Suppl 1 

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Stress, illness and the immune system.

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Iron in Innate Immunity: Starve the Invaders

• Moreira A., Mesquita G., Gomes M.S.

Microorganisms 2020, 8(4), 589

Ferritin: An Inflammatory Player Keeping Iron at the Core of Pathogen-Host Interactions

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EC Nutrition 4.1 (2016): 804-811

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Richard Stead:

¹ “Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Drives the Development of Colorectal Cancer”, Xiaoyan Fan, Yuelei Jin, Guang Chen, Xueqiang Ma, Lixia Zhang, Digestion 2021;102:508–515 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32932258/

² “Defining Dysbiosis for a Cluster of Chronic Diseases”, Lamont J. Wilkins, Manoj Monga & Aaron W. Miller, Scientific Reports Volume 9, Article number: 12918 (2019), https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-49452-y#citeas

Caproni, M., Bonciolini, V., D’Errico, A., Antiga, E., & Fabbri, P. (2012). ‘Celiac Disease and Dermatologic Manifestations: Many Skin Clues to Unfold Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy’. Gastroenterology research and practice, 2012, 952753. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/952753

1. Wiertsema, S. P., van Bergenhenegouwen, J., Garssen, J., & Knippels, L. (2021). ‘The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies’. Nutrients, 13(3), 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030886
2. Hattori K et al. (2003). ‘Effects of Administration of Bifidobacteria on Faecal Microflora and Clinical Symptoms in Infants with Atopic Dermatitis’. Arerugi, 5, 387
3. Taniuchi S et al., (2005). ‘Administration of Bifidobacterium to Infants with Atopic Dermatitis: Changes in Faecal Microflora and Clinical Symptoms’. The Journal of Applied Research. 5 (2): 387-396
4. Waller et al. (2011). ‘Dose-Response Effect of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on Whole Gut Transit Time and Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adults’. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 46: 1057-1064
5. Gopal, PK., Prasad, J., Gill, HS. (2003).’ Effects of the Consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 (DR10TM) and Galacto-Oligosaccharides on the Microflora of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Human Subjects’. Nutrition Research. 23 (2003) 1313–1328. DOI:10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00134-9
6. McFarland, LV. (2010).’Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii in Adult Patients’. World J. Gastroenterol. 14; 16(18): 2202-2222. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i18.2202

Anne Catherine Færgemann:

^[1] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00197/full

² https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253991/

³ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00197/full

⁴ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10522-015-9571-2

⁵ https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2130724

⁶ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867415001865

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⁸ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603531/

⁹ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515351/

¹⁰ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/leaky-gut-syndrome/

¹¹ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996528/

¹² https://www.ifm.org/news-insights/gut-fasanos-triad-trajectory-autoimmunity/

¹³ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996528/

¹⁴ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425030/

¹⁵ https://www.nature.com/articles/mi201141

¹⁶ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3153567/

¹⁷ https://www.nature.com/articles/mi201141

¹⁸ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26739713/

¹⁹ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24584841/

²⁰ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253991/

²¹ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5301368/

²² https://gut.bmj.com/content/47/6/861

²³ https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-019-0704-8

²⁴ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9361838/

²⁵ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-019-0132-9

²⁶ https://www.cell.com/immunity/pdfExtended/S1074-7613(18)30566-#:~:text=Butyrate%20educates%20developing%20macrophages%20via,as%20well%20as%20systemic%20infection.

²⁷ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30322146/

²⁸ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6884350/#R11

²⁹ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9200287/

³⁰ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6074204/

³¹ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4311561/

³² https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7670038/

³³ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.556729/full

³⁴ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834427/

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Jordan Haworth:

1. Tam, C.C., Rodrigues, L.C., Viviani, L., Dodds, J.P., Evans, M.R., Hunter, P.R., Gray, J.J., Letley, L.H., Rait, G., Tompkins, D.S., Brien, S.J.: Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice. Gut 61(1), 69 (2012). doi:10.1136/gut.2011.238386
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3. Berumen, A., Lennon, R., Breen-Lyles, M., Griffith, J., Patel, R., Boxrud, D., Decuir, M., Farrugia, G., Smith, K., Grover, M.: Characteristics and Risk Factors of Post-Infection Irritable Bowel Syndrome After Campylobacter Enteritis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 19(9), 1855-1863.e1851 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.033
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Andrew XXXX:

[1]          https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9925120/

[1] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322732961_The_Interaction_Between_Insoluble_and_Soluble_Fiber

[1]          https://encyclopedia.pub/10718

[1]             Ibid

[1]             Henderson, A.J.; Ollila, C.A.; Kumar, A.; Borresen, E.C.; Raina, K.; Agarwal, R.; Ryan, E.P. Chemopreventive properties of dietary rice bran: Current status and future prospects. Adv. Nutr. 2012, 3, 643–653.

[1]          Ghoneum, M. Enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by modified arabinoxylane from rice bran (MGN-3). Int. J. Immunother. 1998, 14, 89–99.

[1]          Ghoneum, M.; Brown, J. NK Immunorestoration and cancer patients by MGN-3, a modified aracbynoxylan rice bran (Study of 32 patients followed for up to 4 years). In Anti-Aging Medical Therapeutics Vol III; Klatz, R.M., Goldman, R., Eds.; Health Quest Publications: Marina del Rey, CA, USA, 1999; Chapter 30; pp. 217–226.

[1]          Ghoneum, M.; Agrawal, S. MGN-3 enhances generation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells via upregulation of DEC-205 expression on dendritic cells. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2014, 27, 523–530.

[1]          Lissoni, P.; Messina, G.; Brivio, F.; Fumagalli, L.; Rovelli, F.; Maruelli, L.; Miceli, M.; Marchiori, P.; Porro, G.; Held, M.; et al. Modulation of the anticancer immunity by natural agents: Inhibition of T regulatory lymphocyte generation by arabinoxylan in patients with locally limited or metastatic solid tumors. Cancer Ther. 2008, 6, 1011–1016.

[1]          Ghoneum, M. From bench to bedside: The growing use of arabinoxylan rice bran in cancer immunotherapy. Austin Immunol. 2016, 1, 1006.

[1]          Ichihashi, K. Experience with administration of BioBran in patients with chronic rheumatism. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2004, 14, 459–463

[1]          Noaman, E.; Badr El-Din, N.K.; Bibars, M.A.; Abou Mossallam, A.A.; Ghoneum, M. Antioxidant potential by arabinoxylan rice bran, MGN-3, represents a mechanism for its oncostatic effect against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 2008, 268, 348–359.

[1]          Zhu, X.; Okubo, A.; Igari, N.; Ninomiya, K.; Egashira, Y. Modified rice bran hemicellulose inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in vitro via VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling pathways. Biosci. Microbiota Food Health 2017, 36, 45–53.

[1]          Hong, S. Development of immunostimulation materials from rice bran. Food Ind. Nutr. 2005, 10, 42–47.

[1]          The summary of MGM-3. In MGN-3 (Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound): Basic and Clinical Application to Integrative Medicine, 2nd ed.; BioBran Research Foundation: Tokyo, Japan, 2013; Chapter I-1; pp. 3–8.

[1]          Ghoneum  M,  Brown  J.  NK  immunorestoration  of  cancer  patients  by  MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylan rice bran (study of 32 patients followed for up to 4 years). Watson RR, Preedy V, Zibadi S. In: Wheat and rice in disease prevention  and  health.  Anti-aging  medical  therapeutics.  Vol.  III.  Klatz  R, Goldman R. 1999; 217-226.

[1]          14. Ghoneum M. Immunostimulation and cancer prevention. 7th Int Congress on Anti-aging and Biomedical Technologies. December 11th-13th; Las Vegas, NV USA. 1999.

[1]          Effect of Long-term Administration of Immunomodulatory Food on Cancer Patients Completing Conventional Treatments. Hiroshi Tsunekawa, Tsunekawa Gastrointestinal Clinic, published in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy Vol. 14/No.3.

[1]          Oral administration of hydrolyzed rice bran prevents the common cold syndrome in the elderly based on its immunomodulatory action. H. Maeda, K. lchihashi, T. Fujii, K. Omura, X. Zhu, M. Anazawa and K. Tazawa. BioFactors 21 (2004) 185-187

[1]          Arabinoxylan rice bran suppresses the viremia level in patients with chronic HCV infection: A randomized trial. Hosny Salama, Eman Medhat, Magda Shaheen, Abdel-Rahman N Zekri, Tarneem Darwish and Mamdooh Ghoneum. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 1-7, 2016

[1]          Controlled pilot study for cancer patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome due to chemotherapy treated with BioBran (MGN-3- Arabinoxylane) and targeted radiofrequency heat therapy. Gabriel Petrovics, Gyula Szigeti, Szilárd Hamvas, Ágnes Máté, József Betlehem, Gabriella Hegyi. European Journal of Integrative Medicine,(607) 2016

[1]          The Effect of a Hydrolyzed Polysaccharide Dietary Supplement on Biomarkers in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. John E. Lewis , Steven E. Atlas, Oscar L. Higuera, Andrea Fiallo, Ammar Rasul, Ashar Farooqi, Olga Kromo, Laura A. Lantigua, Eduard Tiozzo , Judi M. Woolger, Sharon Goldberg, Armando Mendez , Allan E. Rodriguez, and Janet Konefal. Hindawi: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 1751583. 2018

WELCOME

https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/time-think-differently/trends-disease-and-disability-long-term-conditions-multi-morbidity.

Cholesterol jabs: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ta10703/documents.

An appeal for an objective, open, and transparent scientific debate about the origin of SARS-CoV-2. The Lancet 2021, September 17: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02019-5

NEWS

“Good for you, good for us, good for everybody A plan to reduce overprescribing to make patient care better and safer, support the NHS, and reduce carbon emissions”. Department of Health and Social Care. September 22, 2021: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1019475/good-for-you-good-for-us-good-for-everybody.pdf.

theguardian.com/society/2021/sep/22/government-review-finds-10-of-drugs-dispensed-in-england-are-pointless

Diet quality and risk and severity of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Gut 2021. Published Online First: 06 September, doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325353.

A randomized controlled trial of pharmacist-led therapeutic carbohydrate and energy restriction in type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 202, 12, 5367. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25667-4.

Language extinction triggers the loss of unique medicinal knowledge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  2021, 118 (24) e2103683118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2103683118.

The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab270.

Gary Taubes quotes from “How a ‘fatally, tragically flawed’ paradigm has derailed the science of obesity”. STAT, Sept 13, 2021: https://www.statnews.com/2021/09/13/how-a-fatally-tragically-flawed-paradigm-has-derailed-the-science-of-obesity.

An observational and Mendelian randomisation study on vitamin D and COVID-19 risk in UK Biobank. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 18262: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97679-5.

COVID data
https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/covid-19-hospital-activity.
PHE data reported in the Evening Standard, August 20: https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/england-delta-donald-trump-government-public-health-england-b951620.html.

Melatonin multifaceted pharmacological actions on melatonin receptors converging to abrogate COVID-19. J Pineal Res 2021, Aug; 71(1):e12732. DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12732.

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2019; 381 (26): 2541 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1905136.
Time-restricted eating for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. Endocrine Reviews, 2021; DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab027.

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Pancreatic cancer story:
Epithelial memory of inflammation limits tissue damage while promoting pancreatic tumorigenesis. Science 2021; 373 (6561) DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0486.

CANDIDA

Genetic Analysis of Sirtuin Deacetylases in Hyphal Growth of Candida albicans. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2021, 6 (3), doi: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00053-21.
NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2007 Jan;32(1):12-9,  doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2006.11.006.
Treating (Recurrent) Vulvovaginal Candidiasis with Medical-Grade Honey-Concepts and Practical Considerations. J Fungi (Basel) 2021, Aug 16;7(8):664. DOI: 10.3390/jof7080664.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Supplemented Medical-Grade Honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Eradication. Antibiotics 2020, 9(12), 866: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120866.
Antifungal Activity of a Medical-Grade Honey Formulation against Candida auris. J Fungi 2021, 7 (1), doi 10.3390/jof7010050. Open Access.

GUT

Jeannette Hyde

American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research. mSystems 2018, May 15;3(3):e00031-18. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00031-18. Free online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5954204.

PREDICT and ZOE

Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition. Nature  Med 2020, 26, 964–973. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0934-0.
Meal-induced inflammation: postprandial insights from the Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT) study in 1000 participants. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2021, 114, 3, 1028–1038, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab132.
Dietary inflammation: https://joinzoe.com/whitepapers/dietary-inflammation.
“Professor Tim Spector’s top 5 tips for a healthier gut microbiome”: https://joinzoe.com/post/tim-spector-gut-tips.

AGEING
Social environment drives sex and age‐specific variation in Drosophila melanogaster microbiome composition and predicted function. Molecular Ecology 2021; doi: 10.1111/mec.16149.

Whole-blood metabolomics of dementia patients reveal classes of disease-linked metabolites. PNAS, 2021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022857118.

Human age-declined saliva metabolic markers determined by LC–MS. Scientific Reports 2021 11, 18135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97623-7.

“Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with green tea catechins and cocoa flavanols on aging-related regressive changes in the mouse neuromuscular system”.
Aging (Albany NY) 2021,13 (4): 18051-93: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203336.

Interplay between cognition and weight reduction in individuals following a Mediterranean Diet: Three-year follow-up of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Clinical Nutrition 2021, Sep, 40(9):5221-37, doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.020.

Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioural deficits. Nature Aging 2021. DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00093-9. 

RESEARCH update

Serum amyloid A delivers retinol to intestinal myeloid cells to promote adaptive immunity. Science 2021, 17 Sep, 373 (6561). DOI: 10.1126/science.abf9232.

Replacement of Nitrite in Meat Products by Natural Bioactive Compounds Results in Reduced Exposure to N‐Nitroso Compounds: The PHYTOME Project. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2021; 2001214 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001214.

Quercetin in Tartary Buckwheat Induces Autophagy against Protein Aggregations. Antioxidants, 2021; 10 (8): 1217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081217.

NAD⁺ supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and cell senescence in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via cGAS–STING.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2021, Sep, 118 (37) e2011226118;  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011226118.
NAD⁺ Metabolism in Aging and Cancer. Annual Review of Cancer Biology 2019 3:1, 105-130: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055905.

WELCOME

NICE pauses publication of updated guideline on diagnosis and management of ME/CFS. August 17, 2021: https://www.nice.org.uk/news/article/nice-pauses-publication-of-updated-guideline-on-diagnosis-and-management-of-me-cfs.

Michiel Tack: https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1937/rapid-responses.

Clinical, immunological and virological SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes in obese and non-obese military health system beneficiaries. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021;, jiab396, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab396.

Obesity Increases the Duration of Influenza A Virus Shedding in Adults. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2018; DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy370.

NEWS

Persistent Endotheliopathy in the Pathogenesis of Long COVID Syndrome. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2021; doi: 10.1111/jth.15490.
Spontaneous bleeding associated with ginkgo biloba: a case report and systematic review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med 2005 Jul;20(7):657-61, doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0121.x.
Protein disulfide isomerase inhibitors constitute a new class of antithrombotic agents. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(6):2104-2113. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI61228.
Antiatherothrombotic effects of nicotinic acid. Atherosclerosis. 2003 Nov;171(1):87-96. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.07.003. 
Dietary fructose improves intestinal cell survival and nutrient absorption. Nature 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03827-2.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Growing Burden, Adverse Outcomes and Associations. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020, 8, 76–86. Published online 2019, doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2019.00051.
Experimental investigation of indoor aerosol dispersion and accumulation in the context of COVID-19: Effects of masks and ventilation. Physics of Fluids, 2021; 33 (7): 073315; doi: 10.1063/5.0057100.

INFLAMMATION – BEN BROWN

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10. Serhan CN. Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology. Nature. 2014 Jun 5;510(7503):92-101. doi: 10.1038/nature13479. PMID: 24899309; PMCID: PMC4263681.
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18. Kalogeropoulos N, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Rousinou G, Toutouza M, Stefanadis C. Unsaturated fatty acids are inversely associated and n-6/n-3 ratios are positively related to inflammation and coagulation markers in plasma of apparently healthy adults. Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Apr 2;411(7-8):584-91.
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Extras

WHO: https://www.who.int/news/item/11-08-2021-who-s-solidarity-clinical-trial-enters-a-new-phase-with-three-new-candidate-drugs.

Associations between wildfire smoke exposure during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth in California. Environmental Research, 2021; 111872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111872

SUPERFOODS
Photosynthetically Controlled Spirulina, but Not Solar Spirulina, Inhibits TNF-α Secretion: Potential Implications for COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm Therapy.
Mar Biotechnol 2021, Feb;23(1):149-155; doi: 10.1007/s10126-021-10020-z. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Prospective options of algae-derived nutraceuticals as supplements to combat COVID-19 and human coronavirus diseases. Nutrition 2021 Mar;83:111089; doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111089. Free online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7680017.

The Nutritional Efficacy of Chlorella Supplementation Depends on the Individual Gut Environment: A Randomised Control Study. Front Nutr 2021, 8, 270: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.648073.

INFLAMMATION – Metagenics Institute

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MISLEADING MEDICINE
Time to assume that health research is fraudulent until proven otherwise? BMJ 2021, July 5. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-health-research-is-fraudulent-until-proved-otherwise.

“Broken Science. What happens when cancer doctors, psychologists, and drug developers can’t rely on each other’s research?” February 2016:  https://reason.com/2016/01/19/broken-science.

https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/p-hacking.

HARKing: hypothesizing after the results are known. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 1998, 2(3):196-217, doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_4.

Power and sample size. Methods Mol Biol 2007;404:377-408, doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-530-5_19.

“Most Scientific Findings Are Wrong or Useless. Science isn’t self-correcting, it’s self-destructing”. August 2016: https://reason.com/2016/08/26/most-scientific-results-are-wrong-or-use.

“Saving Science”, by Prof Daniel Sarewitz: https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/saving-science.

Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PLoS Medicine 2005:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124. Open Access.

Offline: What is medicine’s 5 sigma? The Lancet 2015, 385, 9976, p1380, April 11: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)60696-1/fulltext.  

“Reproducibility and reliability of biomedical research: improving research practice”. British Academy of Medical Sciences symposium report, October 2015: https://acmedsci.ac.uk/viewFile/56314e40aac61.pdf.

“Landmark research integrity survey finds questionable practices are surprisingly common”, by Jop de Vrieze. Science July 7, 2021: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/07/landmark-research-integrity-survey-finds-questionable-practices-are-surprisingly-common.

Prevalence of Research Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Eng Ethics 2021, 27, 41: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-021-00314-9.

Hundreds of thousands of zombie randomised trials circulate among us. Anaesthesia 2021, 76, 444–447: doi:10.1111/anae.15297.

Research Misconduct Policy in Biomedicine. Beyond the Bad-Apple Approach. By Prof Barbara K. Redman. (The MIT Press, 2013.)

RESEARCH

Dysregulation of ILC3s unleashes progression and immunotherapy resistance in colon cancer. Cell 2021, August 17, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.029.

Reinforcement learning links spontaneous cortical dopamine impulses to reward. Current Biology, 2021; doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.069.

The effectiveness and safety of isometric resistance training for adults with high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension Research, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00720-3.

Impacts of deficiency in vitamin D derivatives on disease severity in adult bronchial asthma patients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021 Aug 18:102073. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102073.

Nucleus Type-Specific DNA Methylomics Reveals Epigenetic ‘Memory’ of Prior Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle. Function, 2021; doi: 10.1093/function/zqab038.